对欧盟版权法改革中两大核心争议问题的评价、反思及应对

Evaluation, Reflection and Response to the Two Controversial Core Issues in the Reform of EU Copyright Law

欧盟《数字化单一市场版权指令》创设了"新闻出版者权"和实质确立了在线内容分享服务提供商的一般过滤义务。此两项极具争议的核心议题得以通过,表明欧盟版权法改革出现重大转向。这一重大转变有其深刻的哲学基础、监管趋势、扶持本土企业以及政治因素的考量。我国目前不应当引入新闻出版者权,可通过非财产权的方式和创新商业模式予以应对,立法仍是最后的手段。我国应当明确拒绝创设一般过滤义务,版权保护应与经济发展相适应,应鼓励市场积极探索治理模式,对于实践中的自愿版权过滤措施,应当通过多种方式克服其所引发的风险。

The Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market of EU creates "press publishers’ right" and essentially establishes the general filtering obligation of online content-sharing service providers. These two highly controversial core issues were passed, indicating a major shift in EU copyright law reform. This major shift has deep philosophical foundations, regulatory trends, support for local businesses, and consideration of political factors. China should not introduce press publishers’ right at present. The demands can be addressed by non-property rights and innovate business models, and legislation is still the last resort. China should explicitly refuse to create general filtering obligations. Copyright protection should be compatible with economic development. The market should be encouraged to actively explore the governance model. For the voluntary copyright filtering measures that appear in practice, methods should be taken to overcome the risks which the voluntary copyright filtering measures bring about.