由“分”向“和”:当代人与动物互动关系模式的转型——兼议对新型冠状病毒肺炎事件的反思

Transformation from “Separation”to “Harmony”in the Interaction between Humans and Animals: A Reflection on the Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Epidemic

立基于对动物主体性、权利和内在价值的思考,现代人与动物互动关系的模式主要分为人类中心主义与非人类中心主义两种。然而,它们在论证各自立场时都在强调人和动物绝然的对立和分离,致使现有的讨论都是在原子论意义上的,缺乏生态意义上的整体论视角。基于对人类中心主义与非人类中心主义的批判和反思,加之对两种立场争议焦点的分析,从分立走向和合,建构人与动物的主体间性,承认动物的内在价值与权利是新时代建构人与动物互动模式的应然选择。在新模式的具体建构中,要以人的理性反思为基本前提、以和合主义为价值取向、以天人合一为终极目标、以动物"拟法律主体"地位的提倡为实践路径,以促使人与动物关系的融洽、和谐,最终实现人与动物的共生、共存、共荣。

In terms of animals’ subjectivity,rights and intrinsic value,there are two modes of interaction between humans and animals: i. e. anthropocentrism and non-anthropocentrism. However,these two modes both emphasize the absolute opposition and separation between humans and animals,which leads to the fact that the previous discussions on this issue are nearly all based on atomism and thus blind to the perspective of holism advocated by ecology. Based on the criticism of and reflection on anthropocentrism and non-anthropocentrism as well as the analysis of the controversial focuses of these two positions,we argue that it is necessary to change from our separation from to the harmony with animals,construct the inter-subjectivity between humans and animals,and recognize the intrinsic value and rights of animals. This is the reasonable mode of interaction between humans and animals in the new era. In the concrete construction of the new mode,we should take human beings’ capacity for rational reflection as the basic precondition,the harmony doctrine as the value orientation,the unity of man and nature as the ultimate goal,and the advocacy of the status of "non-human legal subject"for animals as the practical path,so as to promote the harmony between humans and animals,and finally realize the symbiosis,coexistence and common prosperity of both humans and animals.