“心”即“认知”:认知框架、社会事实与赋值力

“Mind”as“Cognition”:Cognitive Frame,Social Facts, and Value-Adding Capacity

王阳明"龙场悟道"提出"心外无物"思想成为阳明心学的根基。本文通过现代认知科学的视角,重新解读"心外无物",提出"心"即认知的观点。每个观察者的认知是不同的,造成了同一个事物在我们每个人眼里不同。这个不同就造成了每个人所认为的"事实"实际上的差异,都经过个人的"认知框架"的棱镜进行了框定和过滤,从而同一个事物在不同人的眼里形象、价值和意义也就有了差别。从认知角度来看,"心即认知",通过分析认知框架对社会事实的建构,本文提出必须通过认知水平的提高,"心外无物"的心学才能够真正发挥其提高个体和社会认知"社会事实"心智层次的价值和意义。

On the basis of the great enlightenment he experienced at Longchang( known as Longchang wudao),Wang Yangming proposed the notion of "nothing outside the mind"which is the foundation of his theory of heart/mind. In this article,from the perspective of the modern science of cognition,we reconceptualize the notion of "nothing outside of the mind"and argue that "mind"means cognition. People are different in their cognitive ability,and thus the same thing may look different in the eyes of different observers. The differences lead to the variance of the perceived "facts"by the lens of"cognitive frames". That is to say,the same thing may show different images,values and meanings to different observers. It is from the cognitive perspective that mind is regarded as cognition. We also argue that only through improving the level of social and personal cognitions can the value and significance of Yangming’s theory of "nothing outside of mind"be understood and thus brought into full play.