春大棚茄子微喷灌溉量探讨

Preliminary study on micro-spray irrigation of eggplant in spring greenhouse

为大力推广应用微喷节水灌溉技术,使大兴地区春大棚蔬菜达到节水节肥、增产增收的目的,应用微喷节水灌溉技术,拟定3种不同微喷灌溉量,对茄子的长势、产量及水分生产率等方面进行分析,从而筛选出适宜春大棚茄子的最佳灌溉量。结果表明,各处理灌水量在灌水前3 d和灌水后3 d的土壤相对含水量中,处理2(667 m^2单期灌溉23 m^3),土壤相对含水量处于80%~90%,土壤水分表现充足,且植株在长势方面表现为枝条健壮、茎杆粗壮,处理1(667 m^2单期灌水18 m^3)、处理3(667 m^2单期灌水28 m^3),土壤相对含水量评价为水量过低和过多,含水量过低使植株生长受阻,过多容易导致植株徒长,且造成水资源浪费;从产量及水分生产效率来看,处理2的667 m^2产量最高,为7 351 kg,比处理1和处理3分别提高18%和4.3%。因此,综上所述,667 m^2单期灌溉23 m^3处理可增强植株长势,提高作物产量,从而达到节本增收的目的,是本试验春大棚茄子微喷灌溉的最佳灌水量。

In order to promote the application of micro-spray water-saving irrigation technology, achieve the goal of saving water and increasing production in Daxing district in spring greenhouse, three kinds of different micro spray irrigation quantity were applied, the growth, yield and water productivity of eggplant were analyzed, the optimal irrigation amount for eggplant was selected. The results showed that the soil moisture content of treatment 2 was 80%-90%, the soil moisture was sufficient, the plants were robust, the stems were thick, and the yield and water production efficiency of eggplant were the highest. The soil water content of treatment 3 was in the range of 90% to 95%, excessive water content could easily lead to plant vain growth and waste of water resources. The soil water content of treatment 1 was in the range of 70%-80%, it was too low to hinder the plant growth. In terms of yield and water production efficiency, the highest yield per 667 m^2 was in treatment 2(7 351 kg), which was 18% higher than that of treatment 1 and 4.3% higher than that of treatment 3. Therefore, the optimum irrigation amount of the micro-spray of eggplant in spring greenhouse was 23 m^3 for a single irrigation of 2 667 m^2, which could enhance the growth of the plant, increase the yield of the plant, and achieve the purpose of increasing the income.