重庆钓鱼城遗址悬空卧佛彩绘颜料初步分析

A preliminary analysis of the pigments used for the Suspended Reclining Buddha in Diaoyucheng of Chongqing,China

钓鱼城悬空卧佛造像系创作于晚唐时期的一尊巨型石刻,具有极高的历史、艺术、科学、宗教价值,但造像保存现状较差,存在颜料脱落、酥碱粉化、起甲等病害,亟待保护修复。为了解悬空卧佛彩绘颜料层的成分与结构,采用金相显微镜、拉曼光谱、X射线荧光(XRF)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜-能谱仪(SEM-EDS)等多种现代方法与技术对彩绘样品进行了分析。结果表明:所用红色颜料为铁红、铅丹;蓝色颜料为群青;绿色颜料为碱式氯化铜;青色颜料为墨绿砷铜矿;白色颜料为硫酸铅;局部有贴金。结果还表明,该造像历史上曾多次重绘。本研究成果以期填补钓鱼城悬空卧佛研究的空白,同时为修复工作的开展提供科学依据。

The Suspended Reclining Buddha,a huge stone statue created in the late Tang Dynasty,possesses highly historical,artistic,scientific and religious values.However,the current state of preservation is poor due to the existence of pigment fall-off,soaking powder,flaking and other diseases.Therefore,urgent conservation and restoration is needed.In order to understand the composition and structure of pigment layers on the Suspended Reclining Buddha,pigment samples were analyzed using a variety of methods including metallographic microscopy,X-ray fluorescence spectrometry,X-ray powder diffraction,scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometry and Raman spectrometry.The results indicate:1)the red pigment is hematite and red lead;2)the blue pigment is ultramarine;3)the green pigment is atacamite;4)the cyan pigment is cornwallite;5)the white pigment is anglesite;6)some parts of the statue are covered with gold leaf and 7)the statue has been repainted many times.