高考“政审”的合法性与合宪性

The Legality and Constitutionality of the “Political Examination” in the College Entrance Examination

政审有广狭两义,高考招生录取工作当中的“思想政治品德考核”可归为广义的政审,具有为高考录取筛选把关的性质和作用。地方教育行政主管部门有关高考“政审”的规定在性质上属于高考录取工作的前置程序。《中华人民共和国教育法》内含着高考“政审”的正当性,国家教育行政主管部门的规章或规范性文件为高考“政审”提供了一定的规范依据。高考“政审”构成了对公民受教育权的限制,运用宪法比例原则予以考察,可以得出目前该项制度总体合宪的结论,但具体实施细节应有所改进。将来在教育法律法规中可对高考“政审”制度作出更为明确、具体的规定。

There are narrow meaning and broad meaning in the Political Examination(PE)of China.The“ideological,political and moral assessment”in the college entrance examination can be classified as the broad political examination,which has the nature and function of screening and checking of college entrance examination.The regulations of the local education administrative department on the“political examination”of the college entrance examination belong to the pre-procedure of the college entrance examination in nature.The Education Law of the People’s Republic of China contains the legitimacy of the“political examination”of the college entrance examination.The regulations or normative documents of the national education administrative department provide a certain normative basis for the“political examination”of the college entrance examination.The“political examination”of college entrance examination constitutes a restriction on the citizens’right to education.By using the principle of constitutional proportion to investigate,a conclusion was obtained that the current system is generally constitutional,but the specific implementation details should be improved.In the future,the“political examination”system of college entrance examination can be more clear and specific provisions in education laws and regulations.