基于气候适应性的传统民居设计语言模式研究——以晋中市太谷县三多堂为例

Design Language Model of Traditional Dwellings Based on Climate Adaptability——A Case Study of Sanduotang in Taigu County of Jinzhong City

当今世界几乎所有建筑都依靠机械性措施来维持室内舒适度,造成了能源危机、全球变暖等环境问题。于是人们开始回归传统,希望通过研究传统民居自身是如何通过被动性设计来适应地域气候的,来寻找出路。基于山西省晋中市太谷县气候特点,从空间设计、材料应用、技术应用、结构设计几个方面对三多堂进行气候适应性分析,寻求地域气候和传统民居之间的耦合关系,构建太谷县传统民居的气候适应性设计语言模式:主宅坐北朝南;适宜厚度的维护结构;向内型封闭空间;逐渐升高的台基;南大北无的窗洞;夏笼布冬窗纸;火炕。

Almost all buildings in present world rely on mechanical measures to maintain indoor comfort,resulting in environmental problems such as energy crises and global warming.So people return to the tradition,hoping to find a way out by studying how traditional dwellings themselves adapt to the regional climate through passive design.Based on the climate characteristics of Taigu County,Jinzhong City,Shanxi Province,this paper analyzed the climate adaptability of Sanduotang from the aspects of space design,material application,technology application and structural design,studied the coupling relationship between regional climate and traditional dwellings,and constructed the climate adaptability design language mode of traditional dwellings in Taigu County,which included the main house facing south,the maintenance structure with appropriate thickness,the inward enclosed space,gradually rising platform base,window openings in the south,window gauze in summer and window paper in winter,and heated brick bed.