我国铁路隧道建造方法沿革及智能建造技术体系与展望

Railway Tunnel Construction Methods Evolution in China and Intelligent Construction Technology System and Prospects

隧道建造工艺工法主要包含依靠人工的早期建造方法、钻爆法和隧道掘进机工法。近年来,得益于机械化、现代传感技术、网络技术、自动化技术以及人工智能技术的快速发展及深度融合,隧道智能建造理念已经得到世界工程界的重视。隧道智能建造技术作为我国“智能铁路”的一个重要组成部分,代表了未来隧道修建技术的发展方向。在系统梳理隧道建造方法沿革的基础上,阐述隧道智能建造的概念与核心,提出总体框架与技术体系框架,论述关键技术难题与实现方法,并对我国铁路隧道智能建造发展前景进行展望,以期为隧道建造工作者提供理论支撑。

The tunnel construction technology mainly includes the tunnel construction relying on manpower in the early period,drilling and blasting method and tunnel boring machine method.In recent years,thanks to the rapid development and deep integration of mechanization,modern sensor technology,network technology,automation technology and artificial intelligence technology,the concept of intelligent tunnel construction has been paid attention to by the world engineering community.As an important part of"intelligent railway",intelligent tunnel construction technology represents the development direction of tunnel construction technology in the future.Based on the systematic review of the evolution of tunnel construction methods,this paper expounds the concept and core of tunnel intelligent construction,puts forward the overall framework and technical system framework,and discusses the key technical problems and solutions,as well as prospects of intelligent railway tunnel construction in China,providing theoretical supports for tunnel workers.