清代官式建筑中屋面构造及瓦饰的特点

The Characteristics of Roof Structure and Tile Decoration in Official Buildings in Qing Dynasty

屋顶在古代建筑中不但具备遮风挡雨的功能,同时也在建筑整体中承担着重要的装饰性功能,尤其对于古典建筑悠久的历史传承中最后一个建筑高峰期--清代官式建筑而言。其屋面造型通过曲线与直线线条相结合的方式进行巧妙组合,使得建筑屋顶中具有反向的起翘飞檐,在增强屋面排水及采光功能的同时,也强化了建筑自身的美感。清代官式建筑与古代儒家文化相融合,其屋顶建筑的等级划分较为严格,不同建筑等级的屋顶本身具有独特的构造方式,同时建筑屋顶上部不同位置安装有各种瓦饰造型,对清代建筑的整体风格及其结构特点起到了填充丰富的作用。

As ancient architecture,roof not only has the function of the rain,but has the construction of the whole decoration sexual function,especially for the long history of classical architecture through inheriting the last construction peak in the Qing dynasty official building.Its roof shape through the curve and straight line is a combination of clever combination,makes the construction of the roof have a reverse case,become warped in the eaves,to strengthen the roof drainage and lighting function in at the same time also strengthened the building their own sense of beauty,official building and the integration of the ancient Confucian culture of the Qing dynasty,the roof construction has a strict hierarchy.The roofs of different building levels have their own unique construction mode.At the same time,various tile decorations are instal ed at different positions on the upper part of the roof,which play a rich role in filling the overall style and structural characteristics of the Qing dynasty buildings.