短程内观疗法对大学生学习倦怠和心理资本的影响:一项追踪研究

Influencing of short-course Naikan therapy on learning burnout and psychological capital:A longitudinal study

目的:本研究旨在探究短程内观疗法对于大学生学习倦怠和心理资本干预即时效果和跟踪效果。方法:研究对象是广东金融学院16名大学生,共4男12女。采用大学生学习倦怠量表和心理资本量表对被试进行前测(T1),然后对其进行持续2天的短程内观干预。干预结束当天(T2)和2个星期后(T3)分别进行后测。结果:①短程内观干预前后,学习倦怠在T2没有显著变化(P>0.05),但是在T3显著下降(t=1.995,P<0.05);同时成就感低维度在内观干预前后显著下降(T2:t=2.638,P<0.05;T3:t=3.51,P<0.01);②短程内观干预前后,心理资本在T2显著上升(t=-2.756,P<0.05),并且干预效果随时间加强(t=-3.763,P<0.01)。心理资本各维度(自我效能感、韧性、希望和乐观)在T2没有显著变化(P>0.05),但是在T3显著上升(t=-2.262,-4.767,-3.151;P<0.05)。结论:内观干预能够降低大学生的学习倦怠水平和提升心理资本水平,从而保持一种积极健康的心理状态。并且其干预效果随时间延长而增强。

Objective:To explore the effect of short-course Naikan therapy on college students’ learning burnout and psychological capital.Methods:The subjects of our study were 16 college students in Guangdong University of Finance,including 4 male and 12 female students.Combined with two-day short-course Naikan therapy,they completed measures of learning burnout and psychological capital at three time points:Before the therapy(T1),after the therapy(T2)and two weeks after therapy(T3).Results:① Learning burnout did not change significantly at T2(P>0.05),but decreased significantly at T3(t=1.995,P<0.05);Low sense of achievement had been found to decreased significantly at T2(t=2.638,P<0.05)and T3(t=3.51,P<0.01).② Psychological capital increased significantly at T2(t=-2.756,P<0.05),and the effect was strengthened over time(t=-3.763,P<0.01);The four dimensions of psychological capital(including self-efficacy,toughness,hope and optimism)did not change significantly at T2(P>0.05),but increased significantly at T3(t=-2.262,-4.767,-3.151;P<0.05).Conclusion:Short-course Naikan therapy has important effect on reducing the levels of learning burnout and improving the level of psychological capital of university students,which may helpful for maintaining a positive and healthy psychological state.Furthermore,its’ intervention effect increases over time.