磷钾肥对藜麦生长发育及产量的影响

Effects of Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizer on Growth,Development and Yield of Quinoa

采用二因素四水平随机区组试验设计,以“陇藜1号”为供试品种,研究了磷钾肥对藜麦生长发育及产量的影响。结果表明:施用磷钾肥均能明显增加藜麦株高,在高钾水平下施用磷肥才能显著增加藜麦株高。随磷钾肥水平提高,藜麦茎粗也相应增大。施用磷钾肥均可增加藜麦的一级分枝数,且高磷水平更显著。藜麦单株鲜生物量随磷钾肥水平的提高而增加。中高磷钾肥水平对藜麦干生物量提高明显。磷肥能显著提高藜麦穗数。中低水平磷钾肥能显著增加主茎穗重。中等磷钾肥侧穗重也增加明显。增施磷钾肥能增加藜麦总穗重,且中等水平磷钾肥更有利于促进藜麦总穗重增加。中磷低钾肥的藜麦子粒最饱满,千粒重高,单株产量也较高。中等磷、钾肥水平藜麦产量最高。因此,在藜麦生产实际中不能大量施用磷钾肥,藜麦磷、钾肥适宜用量均约为80 kg/hm^2。

The effects of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on growth and yield of quinoa were studied by two-factor four-level randomized block test design and with"Long quinoa No 1''as the tested variety.The results showed that the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can obviously increase plant height of quinoa,and applying phosphate fertilizer at high-potassium level can significantly increase plant height of quinoa.As levels of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers increase,stem diameter of quinoa increases accordingly.The application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can increase the number of primary branches of quinoa,and the high level of phosphorus is more significant.The fresh biomass of quinoa increases with the increase of phosphorus and potas sium fertilizer levels.Under medium or high levels of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers,dry bio mass of quinoa improves obviously.Phosphate fertilizer can significantly increase grain number of quinoa.Low and medium levels of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can significantly increase spike weight of main stem.Lateral spike weight also significantly increases at medium level of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.Increasing the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can increase the total spike weight of quinoa,and the medium level of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers is more conducive to the increase of total spike weight of quinoa.Quinoa with medium phosphorus and low potassium fertilizers has the fullest grain,high 1000-grain weight and higher yield per plant.Therefore,in the production of quinoa,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should not be applied blindly in large quantities,and the suitable amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers for quinoa is about 80 kg/hm^2.