温度对甘蔗条螟生长发育和繁殖的影响

Effects of temperature on the development and reproduction of spotted borer Chilo sacchariphagus(Lepidoptera:Pyralidae)

为明确温度对甘蔗条螟Chilo sacchariphagus生长发育和繁殖的影响,在20、23、26、29和32℃不同温度下测定甘蔗条螟各虫态的发育历期和成虫繁殖力。结果显示,在20~32℃范围内,各虫态发育历期随温度升高而缩短,20℃下完成1个世代需要83.30 d,而32℃下仅需35.56 d。各虫态的发育速率与温度呈显著正相关,符合Logistic回归模型。卵期、幼虫期、蛹期、成虫产卵前期以及全世代的发育起点温度分别为15.87、9.90、13.67、10.79和11.27℃,有效积温分别为69.49、490.99、142.95、26.72和717.68 d·℃。雌、雄成虫寿命均随温度的升高逐渐缩短,雌成虫产卵量在26℃时最高为136.37粒/头。卵和蛹在26℃时的存活率最高,分别为94.71%和93.55%,在29℃时幼虫的存活率最高,为47.73%,在26℃时全世代的存活率最高,为42.08%。表明温度是影响甘蔗条螟生长发育和繁殖的关键因素,26~29℃是甘蔗条螟生长发育和繁殖的适宜温度。

In order to determine the effects of temperature on the development and reproduction of spotted borer Chilo sacchariphagus, the durations of different developmental stages and reproductive capacity of C. sacchariphagus were measured at 20, 23, 26, 29 and 32℃. The results showed that the average durations of various developmental stages of C. sacchariphagus shortened along with increasing temperature from 20 to 32℃. The durations to complete one lifecycle were 83.30 d at 20℃, and 35.56 d at 32℃for C. sacchariphagus. The developmental rate of each developmental state was positively correlated with the temperature, which was consistent with the Logistic regression model. The developmental threshold temperatures for egg stage, larval stage, pupal stage, preoviposition stage and the whole generation were 15.87, 9.90, 13.67, 10.79 and 11.27℃, respectively. The effective accumulated temperatures were 69.49, 490.99, 142.95, 26.72 and 717.68 d·℃, respectively. The adult longevity shortened with increasing temperature, and the highest oviposition per moth(136.37 eggs) was observed at 26℃. The highest survival rates of eggs and pupae at 26℃ were 94.71% and 93.55%, respectively, and the highest survival rate of the larva was 47.73% at 29℃, and that of the whole generation was 42.08% at 26℃. The results indicated that temperature was the key factor affecting the development and reproduction of C. sacchariphagus, and the optimum temperature for development and reproduction ranged from 26℃ to 29℃.