温度和相对湿度对斑翅果蝇和黑腹果蝇飞行能力的影响

Effects of temperature and relative humidity on the flight ability of Drosophila suzukii and Drosophila melanogaster

为研究不同温度和相对湿度对斑翅果蝇Drosophila suzukii与黑腹果蝇D. melanogaster飞行能力的影响,了解2种果蝇的飞行规律,利用26路昆虫飞行磨系统测试2种果蝇在不同条件下的总飞行距离、总飞行时间和平均飞行速度。结果表明,斑翅果蝇雌虫飞行的最适宜温度为18℃,总飞行距离达358.04 m,总飞行时间为3 082.68 s;雄虫更适宜在较高温度下飞行,当温度为30℃时,其总飞行距离和总飞行时间分别为171.37 m和3 075.89 s,且飞行速度较快。黑腹果蝇雌虫的飞行能力在30℃时最强,总飞行距离为702.77 m,雄虫的最适飞行温度是18℃和24℃。当相对湿度为75%时,斑翅果蝇雌虫的飞行能力最强,总飞行距离为262.10 m,总飞行时间也较长,为1 224.12 s,雄虫则在相对湿度44%时表现出较强的飞行能力;当相对湿度为58%时黑腹果蝇雌、雄虫的总飞行距离均达到最大,分别为554.30 m和514.47 m,此条件下雌、雄虫的总飞行时间也最长,分别为2 606.57 s和6 079.07 s。表明温度和相对湿度对2种果蝇飞行能力的影响存在差异,低温高湿条件有利于斑翅果蝇雌虫飞行,高温低湿条件下斑翅果蝇雄虫的飞行能力最强,高温中湿环境下黑腹果蝇的飞行能力较强,且黑腹果蝇的飞行能力总体上强于斑翅果蝇。

To study the effects of temperature and relative humidity on the flight ability of Drosophila suzukii and D. melanogaster and understand the flight regularity of two species of Drosophila, the parameters for total flight distance, flight duration and average flight velocity at different temperatures and relative humidities were tested by a 26-channel computer-monitored flight-mill system. The results showed that the optimum temperature for flight of D. suzukii female, the total flight distance and flight duration were 18℃, 358.04 m and 3 082.68 s, respectively, and the average flight velocity was also faster. However, when the temperature was 30℃, it demonstrated that males had stronger flight ability at higher temperature, with a total flight distance and flight duration of 171.37 m and 3 075.89 s, respectively;at the same temperature, the females of D. melanogaster had the strongest flight ability, with a total flight distance of 702.77 m, and the optimum temperatures for males were 18℃ and 24℃. The flight ability of D. suzukii females was the strongest when relative humidity was 75%, with a total flight distance and duration of 262.10 m and 1 224.12 s, respectively, while male had stronger flight ability at the relative humidity 44%. When the relative humidity was 58%, the total flight distance of D. melanogaster females and males were the longest(554.30 m and 514.47 m, respectively), with a flight duration of 2 606.57 s and 6 079.07 s, respectively. Therefore, the effects of temperature and relative humidity on the flight ability of the two Drosophila species were significantly different. The lower temperature and higher relative humidity were conducive to the flight of D. suzukii females, while males preferred to fly under higher temperature and lower relative humidity. High temperature and moderate relative humidity were more suitable for flight of D. melanogaster, and D. melanogaster has stronger flight ability than D.suzukii as a whole.