宁夏六盘山国家级自然保护区蝴蝶多样性调查

Diversity of butterflies in Liupanshan National Nature Reserves of Ningxia

为明确宁夏六盘山国家自然保护区蝴蝶群落结构的多样性及其与季节变化特征的关系,采用样线法于2017年4-9月对该保护区内3种不同生境中的蝴蝶群落结构及其多样性时间动态进行调查,并对蝴蝶群落的多样性指数、丰富度指数、均匀度指数及优势度指数的变化进行分析。结果显示,在该保护区内共记录蝴蝶标本1 030号,隶属7科38属54种。在不同生境中,眼蝶科Satyridae为优势类群,相对多度为31.55%,绢蝶科Parnassiidae为稀有类群,相对多度为0.10%;蛱蝶科Nymphalidae蝴蝶群落的多样性指数、丰富度指数和均匀度指数均最高,分别为1.52、3.53和0.96;凤蝶科Papilionidae蝴蝶群落的优势度指数最高,为0.67;绢蝶科蝴蝶群落的丰富度指数、优势度指数和均匀度指数最低,均为0。在不同调查时间内,粉蝶科Pieridae蝴蝶群落的优势度指数和多样性指数均最高,分别为0.80和2.30;蛱蝶科蝴蝶群落的丰富度指数最高,为3.53;绢蝶科蝴蝶群落的均匀度指数最高,为1.00,但多样性指数、丰富度指数和优势度指数均最低,为0。6月记录到的蝴蝶个体数最多,为384只,9月记录到的个体数最少,仅21只。在物种的时间相似性方面,9月与其它各月的相似性最低,相似系数仅为0.13,处于极不相似水平;6月和7月的相似性最高,相似系数为0.57,处于中等相似水平,其它调查时间的相似性均处于中等不相似水平。表明不同生境和季节的蝴蝶优势种可以作为对生境状况进行评估的指示类群,生境差异性和干扰与蝴蝶群落的物种多样性密切相关,保护六盘山国家自然保护区植被的生境异质性和维持适度干扰是保护蝴蝶多样性的关键。

To study the relationship between the diversity of butterfly community and seasonal variation of different habitats in Liupanshan National Nature Reserve of Ningxia, the diversity of butterfly community and seasonal variation in the three habitats were investigated and the diversity index, richness index, evenness index and dominance index were analyzed by using the transect method from April to September in 2017. The results showed that a total of 1 030 individuals of butterflies belonging to 54 species, 38 genera and seven families were recorded in this study. In the different habitats, Satyridae was found to be dominant with the highest relative abundance(31.55%) compared with the rare species of Parnassiidae(0.10%). The diversity index, richness index and evenness index were the highest in Nymphalidae(1.52, 3.53 and 0.96, respectively). The dominance index in Papilionidae was the highest(0.67);the richness index, dominance index and evenness index in Parnassiidae were the lowest(0 for all). In the different survey periods, Pieridae was found to be the highest in dominance index and diversity index(0.80 and 2.30, respectively);the richness index in Nymphalidae was the hightest(3.53);the evenness index in Parnassiidae was the highest(1.00), but the diversity index, richness index and dominance index were the lowest(0 for all). The butterfly species richness was the highest with 384 individuals in June and the lowest(21 individuals) in September. Comparison of butterfly species similarity revealed that the similarity of 0.13 in September was the lowest compared with in other months, and there was a medium similarity of 0.57 between June and July;in other months, there was a medium dissimilarity with each other. The results indicated that the dominant species in different habitats and seasons could be used as indicator groups for determining habitat conditions, and the habitat variation and disturbance were closely related to the species diversity of butterfly communities and were the main factor for conserving butterfly diversity in Liupanshan National Nature Reserve.