婴幼儿膳食营养状况及与生长发育的相关性调查

Investigation on dietary nutritional status of infants and the correlation with growth and development

目的探讨婴幼儿膳食营养状况及其与生长发育的相关性,为婴幼儿健康成长提供依据。方法以中国科学院大学深圳医院2017年6月-2019年2月来体检的754例6个月~3岁婴幼儿为研究对象,根据其年龄分为A组356例(6个月~),B组398例(1岁~);采用本院自制调查问卷调查两组喂养状况,并检测两组体内微量元素含量、身高、体质量,分析蛋白质摄入量、总热量摄入量、体内微量元素含量与婴幼儿身高及体质量的关系。结果A组与B组蛋白质与热量摄入良好者身高最高,蛋白质与热量摄入较低者身高最低,而蛋白质与热量摄入过多和中等者,身高居中;A组与B组蛋白质与热量摄入过量者体质量最高,蛋白质与热量摄入良好及中等者体质量居中,而蛋白质与热量摄入较低者体质量最低;铁、锌含量及A组与B组蛋白质与热量摄入量与身高、体质量均呈正相关;但肥胖患儿其体内25羟维生素D[25-(OH)D]水平明显较低。结论婴幼儿营养的摄入与其身高与体质量的关系密切,适量的蛋白质与热量是保证婴幼儿营养与体内微量元素充足的前提,应根据婴幼儿年龄段及自身状况给予营养。

Objective To explore dietary nutritional status of infants and the correlation with growth and development,provide a basis for healthy growth of infants.Methods A total of 754 infants aged from 6 months to 3 years old receiving physical examination in Shenzhen Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences from June 2017 to February 2019 were selected and divided into group A(6 months-)and group B(one year-).A self-designed questionnaire was used to survey the feeding statuses in the two groups.The levels of trace elements,height,and weight in the two groups were detected.The relationships between protein intake,total calorie intake,levels of trace elements and height,weight of infants were analyzed.Results The heights of infants with good intakes of protein and calorie in group A and group B were the highest,the heights of infants with low intakes of protein and calorie were the lowest,the heights of infants with high and moderate intakes of protein and calorie were at the middle level.The weights of infants with excessive intakes of protein and calorie in group A and group B were the highest,the weights of infants with good and moderate intakes of protein and calorie were at the middle level,the weights of infants with low intakes of protein and calorie were the lowest.The levels of iron and zinc,intakes of protein and calorie were positively correlated with height and weight in group A and group B;the level of 25-(OH)D in obese children was low.Conclusion The nutritional intake of infants is closely related to height and weight.The proper intakes of protein and calorie are the prerequisite for ensuring the nutrition and sufficient trace elements of infants.Nutrition should be given according to age of infants and their own conditions.