关于“毛主义”概念的来源问题

On the Origin of the Concept of “Maoism”

陈弘和卢秀玲两位学者认为,史华慈在1951年发表的博士论文《中国的共产主义与毛泽东的崛起》中“创造”了“毛主义”概念,在1952年与费正清和布朗特合著的《中国共产主义历史文献》一书中进一步阐释此概念。笔者认为,《中国共产主义历史文献》书稿1950年6月就已完成编写,其中使用此概念,被《中国的共产主义与毛泽东的崛起》一书所利用。因此不能说史华慈在书中“创造”了此概念。实际上,此概念是费正清“创造”的,他在1948年出版的《美国与中国》一书中使用了“毛的理论”语词,这是“毛主义”概念最初的表达形式。1950年6月费正清主编的《中国共产主义历史文献》书稿完成,其中就已使用“毛主义”这一概念了,此处“毛主义”就是前面的“毛的理论”。

The two scholars,Chen Hong and Lu Xiuling stated that Benjamin Schwartz“created”the concept of“Maoism”in his doctoral dissertation titled as Chinese Communism and the Rise of Mao published in 1951.He further explained this concept in a book titled as A Documentary History of Chinese Communism,written and edited with Conrad Brandt and John K.Fairbank in 1952.However,the manuscript of A Documentary History of Chinese Communism had been already finished in June 1950,in which the concept of“Maoism”was used and then appeared in Chinese Communism and the Rise of Mao.Therefore,we can t say that Benjamin Schwartz“created”the concept of“Maoism”in his book.In fact,the concept was“created”by Fairbank.He used the word of“Mao's doctrine”in his book titled as The United States and China published in 1948.“Mao's doctrine”here was an initial form of expression of the concept of“Maoism”.In June 1950,the manuscript of A Documentary History of Chinese Communism edited by Fairbank had been finished.It has already employed the concept of“Maoism”.Here“Maoism”referred to the former“Mao's doctrine”.