麻疹流行病学特征分析及其预防控制措施研究

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of measles and study on its prevention and control measures

目的分析麻疹流行病学特征和预防控制措施,从而促使麻疹得以消除。方法通过国家传染病疫情报告系统对麻疹疫情资料进行收集,应用描述流行病学的方法对本市2015年-2017年麻疹流行病学特征进行分析,同时对预防效果进行总结。结果2015年-2017年本市麻疹发病人数共503例,麻疹的主要发生时间为4月-8月,麻疹发病集中在流动人口,其在麻疹总发病人数中占比为70.58%;未接受免疫以及免疫史不详的发病人员数量占全部发病人数的88.27%;2015年-2017年麻疹的发病数呈现出逐年减少趋势。结论导致麻疹发生率较高的主要原因为免疫空白,为了使麻疹得到有效控制,政府需进一步加强麻疹减毒活疫苗的普及推广,尤其是需要加强外来人员的管理,并对麻疹监测进行加强,对院内感染进行控制,从而达到消除麻疹的目的。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and prevention and control measures of measles so as to eliminate measles.Methods The measles epidemic data were collected through the national infectious disease epidemic reporting system.Epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Zhoukou City from 2015 to 2017,and the prevention effects were summarized.Results A total of 503 cases of measles occurred from 2015 to2017.The main occurrence time of measles was from April to August.The incidence of measles was concentrated in the migrant population and accounted for 70.58%of the total number of people suffering from measles;the number of people with unknown immunization history accounted for 88.27%of the total number of cases;the number of measles cases from 2015 to 2017 showed a decreasing trend year by year.Conclusion The main reason for the high incidence of measles is the immune gap.In order to effectively control measles,the government needs to further strengthen the popularization and promotion of live attenuated measles vaccines,especially the need to strengthen the management of outsiders and strengthen measles surveillance,and the control of nosocomial infections,so as to eliminate measles.