有限的回击：2010年以来中国的经济制裁行为

“Limited Counterattack”:China’s Economic Sanctions since 2010

通过对中国经济制裁事实的梳理,本文指出2010年后中国实施经济制裁的意愿上升了。研究表明,2010年后中国的经济制裁呈现出"有限的回击"的特征,即经济制裁的强度较低、实际运用的范围有限,且经济制裁仅用于对他国侵犯中国国家利益时的回应。中国运用经济制裁的逻辑在于,中国国家利益所面临的外部挑战增加,推动中国在传统的外交与军事手段之外寻求新型反击方式,而经济制裁因其有效性、和平性、灵活性等优势成为重要的政策选项,促使中国实施经济制裁的意愿上升。然而,中国与目标国之间相互依赖的对称性、目标国的低脆弱性与升级战略的可行性等因素,又导致了中国经济制裁的有限性。经济制裁已经逐渐成为中国一项重要的强制性外交政策工具,但迄今仍处于辅助性地位。

This paper reviews China’s economic sanctions since 2010 and finds that there has been a significant increase in China’s willingness to impose economic sanctions.The paper defines China’s economic sanctions since 2010 as"limited counterattack"for their relatively low intensity,limited range and responsive nature.Economic sanctions have been only imposed against countries that had infringed upon China’s national interests.Faced with increasing external challenges to its national interests,China has to seek a new model of counterattack apart from traditional diplomatic and military measures.Economic sanctions have become an important policy option for China for their effectiveness,peaceful nature and flexibility.Therefore,China has become more willing than before to impose economic sanctions.However,the symmetric interdependence between China and some target countries,the low vulnerability of some target countries,and the feasibility of"escalation strategy"have caused limitations and constraints on China’s economic sanctions.