人工智能对就业影响的研究进展与中国情景下的理论分析框架

Research on the Progress the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Employment and the Theoretical Analysis Framework in Chinese Context

人工智能技术在世界范围内不断取得新的突破,相对于以往的技术进步,其对劳动力市场的影响更加不确定,因而引起了国内外学术界的关注。本文对国内外相关文献进行梳理、比较和分析,力图呈现研究现状和进展,通过借鉴现有人工智能影响就业的理论和思路,提取人工智能影响就业的因素,并结合我国当前的具体情境,最终提出基于中国情景下的人工智能影响就业的整合理论分析框架。通过研究发现,与以往技术进步相比,人工智能对就业的影响同样存在创造效应和替代效应,本文从供应商企业、人工智能研发企业和人工智能应用企业三个方面对创造效应进行了阐述,在替代效应方面指出被替代人员适应新工作需要考虑的四个方面的问题,并且与以往技术进步不同的是,人工智能技术存在对就业的重塑效应,即通过对工作内容和技能要求的改变,使就业结构发生变化,这意味着人工智能技术的发展不是以消灭人力劳动为目的,而是改善人类的工作任务。

Artificial intelligence technology has made new breakthroughs all over the world.Compared with the past technological progress,its impact on the labor market is more uncertain.As a result,it has attracted the attention of academic circles at domestic and abroad,and has carried out in-depth research on the impact of artificial intelligence on employment.This paper compares and analyses the relevant literature,trying to present the current research situation.Referring to the existing theories and ideas of the influence of artificial intelligence on employment,factors of the impact of AI on employment were extracted and combined with the current specific situation in China.Finally,an integrated theoretical analysis framework of the impact of AI on employment based on Chinese scenarios was put forward.The study found that compared with previous technological progress,artificial intelligence also has creation effect and substitution effect on employment.This paper expounds the creation effect from three aspects:supplier enterprises,artificial intelligence research and development enterprise and artificial intelligence application enterprise.In terms of the substitution effect,it points out four aspects that should be considered when the replaced personnel to adapt to the new job.Different from previous technological progress,artificial intelligence technology has a reshaping effect on employment,that is,the employment structure changes through the change of work content and skill requirements,which means that the development of artificial intelligence is not to eliminate human labor,but to improve the task of human work.