论私法的法理与法理的私法

On the Legal Principle of Private Law and the Private Law of Jurisprudence

在发生学意义上,法理与私法之间具有最紧密的内在逻辑与外在勾连关系,首先罗马私法的发展与完善深受古希腊罗马自然法之法理的深刻影响,正是古希腊的正义思想孕育了罗马人的个人权利思想,从而为罗马私法提供了基本的个人权利范式与私法的基本原则;其次斯多葛学派自然法思想孕育了罗马人普遍适用的更高级的理性法与人人平等的观念,为罗马私法的普遍性与法律上人人平等原则奠定了基石。近代私法典的编纂则是十七八世纪古典自然法法理的写照与体现。进入20世纪之后,私法发展受到现代法学流派如自由法学、目的法学、利益法学、社会法学等法理思想的深刻影响,进而形成现代民法或私法。而私法自身也同样蕴含着深刻的法理,其中,法律人格构成法学的核心概念。

In the genetic sense,there is the closest internal logic and external connection between jurisprudence and private law.First,the development and improvement of Roman private law was deeply influenced by the jurisprudence of ancient Greek and Roman natural law.It was the ancient Greek thought of justice that gave birth to the Romans'personal rights,and thus provided the basic personal rights paradigm and the basic principles of private law for Roman private law.The Stoic thought of natural law gave birth to the higher rational law of universal application and the concept of equality of all,which laid the foundation for the universality of Roman private law and the principle of equality of all in law.The compilation of modern private law code is the portrayal and embodiment of the classical natural law of the 17th and 18th centuries.Since the 20th century,the development of private law has been deeply influenced by the jurisprudence of modern schools of law,such as liberal jurisprudence,objective jurisprudence,interest jurisprudence,social jurisprudence,and so on,thus forming modern civil law or private law.Private law itself also contains profound jurisprudence,among which legal personality constitutes the core concept of jurisprudence.