陇东陇中黄土高原地区生态系统健康现状及生态安全屏障建设评价研究

Evaluation of ecosystem health status and ecological safety barrier construction in the Loess Plateau area of Longdong-Longzhong

促进生态系统健康发展,构筑国家西部生态安全屏障是甘肃省在全国生态文明建设中的关键定位。通过评价陇东陇中黄土高原地区生态系统健康现状及生态安全屏障建设情况,为其将来生态安全屏障建设提供决策支持。选用P-S-R模型框架、客观熵值法、模糊数学理论、综合指数(EQ)法,从生态经济(P)、生态环境(S)、生态社会(R)3方面构建了评价指标体系,确定了P、S、R生态系统健康现状级别,综合对比了各市县生态安全屏障建设情况。结果表明:(1)试验区生态经济(P)、生态环境(S)隶属度值分别为0.1030、0.1082,现状属"较健康"等级,生态社会(R)隶属度值为0.0967,现状处于"临界健康"等级,综合健康指数隶属度值为0.3590,总体现状属"临界健康"等级,生态系统健康响应一般。(2)生态安全综合指数为0.7752,生态安全屏障建设处于良好、较安全状态。平凉市综合指数最高(0.8092),属安全状态,庆阳市(0.7927)、定西市(0.7244)次之,会宁县偏低(0.6552),均属较安全状态,反映生态安全屏障建设成效显著,但仍存在自然生态系统脆弱、经济投入不足、环境污染治理压力大、生态环境风险防范能力弱等问题。(3)综上,生态安全屏障可以继续进行恢复与重建,建议提高试验区居民生态建设意识,减少人为因素破坏;加强山洪易发区域及重点流域水土流失防治工作;创新投入机制,加强科技支撑,完善生态补偿机制。

Promoting the healthy development of ecosystem and constructing the ecological security barrier in the west of the country is the key position of Gansu Province in the construction of national ecological civilization.Through the evaluation of the current situation of ecosystem health and the construction of ecological security barrier in Longdong-Longzhong Loess Plateau in eastern Gansu,this paper provides decision support for the construction of ecological security barrier in the future.Based on the framework of P-S-R model,objective entropy method,fuzzy mathematics theory and comprehensive index(EQ)method,the evaluation index system was constructed from three aspects:eco-economic(P),eco-environmental(S)and eco-social(R).The current status of P,S and R ecosystem health was determined,and the construction of ecological security barriers in cities and counties was compared.The results show that:(1)the membership values of eco-economic(P)and eco-environmental(S)in the experimental area are 0.1030 and 0.1082 respectively,and the present situation belongs to the"healthier"grade,the eco-social(R)membership value is 0.0967,the present situation is in the"critical health"grade,the comprehensive health index membership value is 0.3590,the overall present situation belongs to the"critical health"grade,and the ecosystem health response is general.(2)the comprehensive index of ecological security is 0.7752,and the construction of ecological security barrier is in a good and safe state.The comprehensive index of Pingliang City is the highest(0.8092),followed by Qingyang City(0.7927)and Dingxi City(0.7244),and Huining County is on the low side(0.6552).However,there are still some problems,such as fragile natural ecosystem,insufficient economic investment,great pressure on environmental pollution control,weak ability of ecological environmental risk prevention and so on.(3)to sum up,the ecological security barrier can continue to be restored and rebuilt,and it is suggested to improve the residents’awareness of ecological construction in the experimental area,reduce the damage caused by human factors,strengthen the prevention and control of soil and water loss in areas prone to mountain torrents and key watersheds,and innovate the investment mechanism,strengthen scientific and technological support,improve the ecological compensation mechanism.