膜下小苗移栽最适地膜透光率优选研究

Study on the Optimal Film Transmittance for Transplanting Short Tobacco Seedlings under Plastic Film

为确定攀西烟区膜下小苗移栽最适宜的地膜透光率,在凉山州会理县以白膜为对照,进行了不同黑膜透光率研究。试验为单因子4水平3重复随机区组设计,处理水平为白膜和3种透光率(36.39%、14.36%和2.10%)的黑膜覆盖。结果表明,白膜覆盖的处理穴内最高气温可达40.7℃,小苗成活率受到严重影响;而黑膜覆盖的穴内最高气温为35.7℃,移栽后15d内小苗成活率均在98%以上。透光率越高,烟株更易早生快发,根冠比更高,株高、茎围、最大叶长和叶宽更长;透光率越低,烟叶外观质量、化学成分含量和协调性越好。综合来看,在当地生态条件下,使用透光率为14.36%的黑膜进行覆盖比较合适。

A field experiment with various transmittance of plastic films was conducted to identify the optimum film transmittance for transplanting short tobacco seedlings under plastic film in the western Sichuan Province.The experiment used a randomized complete block design with 4 treatments(100%,36.39%,14.36%,and 2.10%transmittance)and 3 replicates.The results showed that the maximum air temperature in the cavern under white film(100%transmittance)was up to 40.7℃,and the survival rate of tobacco seedlings was severely reduced,while the maximum air temperature in the cavity under black film was 35.7℃,and the survival rate of the seedlings was above 98%within 15 days after transplanting.For the treatment with higher transmittance,the seedlings was more likely to develop fast,and had a higher ratio of roots to stem and leaves,resulting in a higher plant height,stem circumference,length of maximum leaves and leaf width.The lower the transmittance,the better the appearance quality,chemical composition content and coordination of tobacco leaves.In conclusion,it is recommended to use black plastic film with a transmittance of 14.36%under the local ecological conditions.