间充质干细胞来源的胞外体对阿尔茨海默病的调控作用

Regulation of exosome for Alzheimer’s disease derived from mesenchymal stem cells

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)为最常见的老年痴呆性疾病之一,约占所有痴呆患者的75%。其病理特征为具有很强神经毒性作用的β-淀粉样蛋白(β-amyloid,Aβ)沉积在脑组织,并且许多神经元内tau蛋白的过度磷酸化形成神经纤维缠结(neurofibrillary tangles,NFT),导致大量神经元坏死,大脑功能调控紊乱,从而出现严重的认知功能障碍。间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)是一种成体干细胞,能产生大量多囊泡体分泌至胞外形成胞外体。胞外体大小不等,直径为30~150 nm,可跨越血脑屏障,携带大量小分子miRNA和蛋白质分子到达脑组织内发挥作用。MSCs来源的胞外体对AD具有调控作用。

Alzheimer’s disease(AD) is the most common type of dementia in the elderly, accounting for about 75% of all dementia patients. The pathological feature of AD is the deposition ofβ-amyloid(Aβ) with strong neurotoxicity in brain tissue, while the hyperphosphorylation of tau in many neuronal cells forms neurofibrillary tangles(NFT). The combination of the two conditions leads to a large number of neuronal necrosis, disordered function of the brain,and serious cognitive dysfunction. Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) are a kind of adult stem cells, which can produce a large number of polyvesicular body secreted to the extracellular to form exosomes. Exosomes vary in size, with a diameter of about 30-150 nm, and can cross the blood-brain barrier. Exosomes can carry a large number of small mi RNA and protein molecules to the brain to play a role. Exosomes derived from MSCs play regulatory roles on AD.