中国工业上市公司创新能力评价研究

Research on the Evaluation of Chinese Industrial Listed Companies’ Innovation Ability Based on A Subjective and Objective Comprehensive Weighting Method

中国经济正处在转变发展方式、优化经济结构、转换增长动力的攻关期,企业是市场的主体,也是创新的主体。企业创新能力的综合评价是衡量企业创新研发投入和创新成果产出的工具,能够及时全面地反映企业的创新综合能力,促进企业的创新发展和核心竞争力的提升。基于主客观信息的赋权方法,对中国工业上市公司创新能力的综合评价,既克服了仅由主观赋权或客观赋权引起的信息偏误问题,也解决了赋权方法中常见的"负权"问题,从而使得权重更合理有效。从行业类型维度分析中国工业上市公司创新能力,得出领先型、跟随型和模仿型三类不同科技创新战略的工业行业,并对各类行业创新能力的提高提出相应的政策建议。此外,通过分析不同所有制上市公司的创新能力,得出中央国有企业的创新能力较高,民营企业创新能力次之,地方国有企业和外资企业创新能力较低等结论,为评价中国工业上市公司创新能力提供新的视角。

China’s economy is now in the period of transformation of development mode,optimization of economic structure and transformation of growth power.Enterprises are the main body of market and innovation.The comprehensive evaluation of enterprises’ innovation ability is a tool to measure the input and output of innovation research and development,which can reflect the comprehensive innovation ability of enterprises in a timely and comprehensive visual angle,and promote the innovation development and core competitiveness of enterprises.In this paper,a method based on subjective and objective information is used to evaluate the industrial listed companies’ innovation ability in China.It not only overcomes the problem of information bias caused by subjective or objective weighting,but also solves the common problem of"negative weighting"in the weighting problem,so as to make the weightings more effective.From the perspective of industry sectors,this paper analyzes the innovation ability of China’s industrial listed companies,obtains three kinds of industrial industries with different technological innovation strategies:leading,following and imitating,and puts forward corresponding policy suggestions for improving their innovation ability.In addition,through analyzing the innovation ability of different ownership listed companies,it concludes that the innovation ability of central stateowned enterprises are the highest,and that of private enterprises are higher than that of local state-owned enterprises,and that of foreign-funded enterprises are relatively low.This paper provides a new perspective for evaluating the innovation ability of China’s industrial listed companies.