城市劳动力技能互补的微观机制研究:基于分工的视角

A Research on the Micro-mechanism of Skill Complementarity of Urban Labor Force:A Perspective of the Labor Division

科学认识城市内部不同技能劳动者之间的互补关系是我国当前城市劳动力市场优化配置面临的紧迫问题。基于劳动力技能互补指数和分工理论的研究表明:城市内不同技能劳动力之间表现出一定的互补性,并具有随城市规模等级上升而逐步上升的态势,其空间分布特征与我国人口密度分布及人口迁移指向具有类同性;城市扩容不仅会影响到劳动力技能互补,同时还会受制于城市劳动力的技能互补形态演进;破除劳动力流动机制障碍有助于推进技能互补。一味地严控大城市、特大和超大城市规模并限制低技能劳动力准入,而忽略城市内高、低技能劳动力之间的互补性,势必会造成城市总体福利损失并削弱竞争力。城市规模和人口结构调控应尊重和顺应城市发展规律,充分发挥市场机制的主导作用和政府部门引导作用。

Scientific understanding of the complementary relationship between different skilled workers in cities is an urgent problem in the optimal allocation of urban labor market in our country at present.The research based on the complementary index of labor skills and the theory of division of labor shows that the skills complementary of labor force obviously exist in the cities of our country,and has the trend of gradually rising with the rise of the scale of the city.Its spatial distribution characteristics are similar to those of population density distribution and population migration in China.Expansion of urban scale will not only affect the complementary skills of labor force,but also be restricted by the evolution of skills complementarity.And removing barriers to labor mobility mechanism helps to promote skills complementarity.Nowadays,blindly controlling the size of large cities,megalopolises and megacities and restricting the entry of low-skilled labor force,while neglecting the complementarity between high and low-skilled labor force in cities,is bound to cause the overall welfare loss of the city and weaken the competitiveness of the city.The regulation and control of urban scale and population structure should respect and conform to the law of urban development,and give full play to the leading role of market mechanism and the guiding role of government departments.