平台经济下劳动过程控制权和劳动从属性的演化与制度因应

Evolution and Institutional Response of Labor Process Control Right and Labor Subordination in Platform Economy

马克思劳动从属于资本理论表明,劳动从属性与劳动者的劳动过程控制权反向变化,明辨技术进步条件下劳动从属性强度的关键在于考察劳动过程控制权演化的特点和影响。在以网络和信息技术为支撑的平台经济下,劳动时间和地点等控制权向网约工转移,劳动的人身和组织从属性弱化;劳动过程控制权的生成根源由物质资本所有权向数据所有权扩展,劳动的数据从属性强化;劳动过程控制手段数字化且重点不一,劳动从属性多层分化;劳动过程控制主体向消费者扩展,劳动从属性易被遮蔽。有效保护网约工权益,需要以"自主劳动→从属劳动"为据分类推进劳动关系保护,完善政府、工会、平台、消费者协同共促的社会保护。

Marx’s theory of labor subordinating to capital enlightens us that the relation between labor subordination and the control of laborers over labor process changes in reverse. Meanwhile,the key to discern labor subordination under the conditions of technological progress lies in examining the characteristics and influence of the evolution of labor process control. In platform economy supported by network and information technology,the control of labor time and place is transferred to web appointment worker,and personal and organizational subordination of labor are weakened. The origin of labor process control right extends from material capital ownership to data ownership,and data subordination of labor is strengthened. The labor process control methods are digitized and have different emphases,and labor subordination is multilayered. The main body of labor process control expands to consumers,and labor subordination is easily obscured. To optimize the protection of the rights and interests of web appointment workers,it is needed to promote the protection of labor relations according to the classification from independent labor to subordinate labor,and perfect social protection jointly promoted by the government,labor unions,platforms and consumers.