可持续高分子-纤维素新材料研究进展

Material Research Progress of the Sustainable Polymer-Cellulose

21世纪"绿色"化学已成为世界各国社会经济发展中的研究与开发战略方向.纤维素是自然界中储量最丰富的天然高分子,是重要的可再生资源以及未来的主要工业原料.然而由于纤维素存在着大量的分子内以及分子间氢键,其结构致密,难以溶解或熔融进一步加工.本文简要介绍了近几年来关于直接使用物理溶剂方法(非衍生化)对纤维素材料开发利用的新进展,主要包括以下4个方面:(1)纤维素在"绿色"溶剂-碱/尿素以及离子液体体系中的溶解和再生;(2)纳米纤维素的制备以及组装;(3)木材纳米技术的开发及利用;(4)细菌纤维素基材料等,旨在推进"绿色"技术实现纤维素资源的研究开发及利用.

The"Green Chemistry"has become the strategy direction of research and development of the world in the 21 th century.Cellulose,as the most abundant natural polymers,is a very important renewable resource and the main industrial raw material.The cellulose shows many great advances including biocompatibility,biodegradability,high structure stability.However,due to the large amounts of inter-and intra-hydrogen bonding among the cellulose molecules,the cellulose has a dense structure and is very hard to be processed through dissolution or melt,which limit the further exploitation of the cellulose resource.The traditional organic solution of the cellulose often has the problem of high cost and pollution.In recent decades,with the development of the"Green"solvent(alkaline/urea,ionic liquid,etc.)and the cellulose nanotechnology,the researchers have greatly expanded the cellulose application in biomedical,energy storage,optical fields in addition to the traditional spinning and papermaking industry.This review mainly introduces the new methods("bottom to up"and"up to down")for the exploitation of cellulose based materials in recent years through the following four sections:(1)the regenerated cellulose based materials from the"green"solution-alkaline/urea aqueous and ionic liquid;(2)the preparation and self-assembly of the nanocellulose;(3)the development and utilization of the wood nanotechnology;(4)bacterial cellulose based functional materials.