太空政治时代的国际竞争与合作——基于全球导航卫星系统发展的分析

International Competition and Cooperation in the Astropolitics Age:An Analysis Based on the Development of Global Navigation Satellite Systems

伴随科技进步,人类探索太空能力的提升,传统地缘政治的逻辑正辐射至太空,太空成为国家间竞争与合作的新疆域,人类已然进入太空政治时代。太空政治时代的显著特征表现为:太空环境特征决定太空能力的全球覆盖;太空的国际公域属性使得全球进入和全球存在成为可能;太空能力的高技术要求提升太空政治的高准入门槛。其中,全球卫星导航系统因其重要的战略价值,成为太空政治时代的核心议题之一。本文以全球导航卫星系统为个案,深度探讨太空政治时代的太空竞争与合作。全球导航卫星系统发展凸显国家间依赖与独立、主导与制衡的权力逻辑,同时,市场推广竞争日益激烈,也反映太空治理进程和困境。这为中国推动太空格局多极化、参与太空治理提供思路。

With the advancement of science and technology and the improvement of human’s capability to explore space, traditional geopolitical logic extends into space. Space has become a new frontier of competition and cooperation among countries, and mankind has entered the era of astropolitics. The prominent features of the era of astropoliticsare as follows: the characteristics of space environment determine the global coverage of space capabilities;the international commonality of space makes global entry and global existence possible;and the high-tech requirements of space capabilities enhance the high access threshold of astropolitics. The global satellite navigation system(GNSS) has become one of the core issues because of its important strategic value. This paper takes the global navigation satellite system(GNSS) as a case study to explain space competition and cooperation. The development of GNSS highlights the traditional power logic of dependence and independence, dominance and balances among countries. Meanwhile the increasingly fierce competition in market promotion also reflects the process and predicament of space governance. This provides insights for China to promote multi-polarization of space and participate in space governance.