改革开放40年中国人心态变化的年代分析--以社会信任、主观幸福感和心理健康为例

Social Trust,Subjective Well-Being and Mental Health:A Chronological Analysis of Chinese Mentality Change in the Past 40 Years of Reform and Opening-Up

现有文献表明,改革开放以来,中国人对中央政府一直保持理想的信任度,但对地方政府和公务员的信任度还有待进一步提升,以大学生为代表的群体呈现出人际信任逐年递减的势头,但传统的差序格局仍然是中国人人际信任网络的基本模式;在经历一段滑坡阶段后,21世纪以来中国人的主观幸福感总体呈现逐年上升趋势,但新一代农民工的幸福感和心理健康仍有待进一步改善,此外,社会公平感和政府行为对国民幸福感的影响不可忽视;整体而言中国人的心理健康状况呈现逐年改善的趋势,但中学生和教师群体的心理健康问题值得关注,老年弱势群体的心理健康和生存状况还有很大的提升空间。

With a focus on social trust,subjective well-being,and mental health,this study seeks to chart the trajectory of the changes in Chinese people’s mentality since the country’s reform and opening up. Existing literature shows that the Chinese have always maintained an ideal level of trust in the central government,while the level of trust in local governments and civil servants has yet to be further improved.Studies based on groups represented by college students reveal a decreasing trend of interpersonal trust year by year,yet the traditional hierarchical order remains the underlying basis of interpersonal trust network in Chinese people.After a declining period,the subjective well-being of Chinese people is found to have been generally increasing year by year since the beginning of the 21st century,but the happiness and mental health of the new generation of migrant workers need to be further improved.In addition,the findings suggest the potent impact of social justice and government behavior on national well-being. Despite the overall improvement in the mental health of Chinese people,the mental health of middle school students and teachers is worthy of attention.Moreover,there is still much room for improvement in the mental health and living status of the elderly and vulnerable.