学校情境中的劳动:为何与何为?--凯兴斯泰纳及其《劳作学校要义》的贡献

Labor in School Context: Why and How? The Contribution of Kerschensteiner and His The Essentials of Labor School

劳动既是精神活动也是身体活动,它以精神发展为前提条件和根本关切。在学校教育中贯彻劳动原则可以培养学生的"劳动共同体"意识、道德品格和职业决定能力。劳动不仅应当作为学校教育的一条基本原则加以贯彻,还应当作为具体的劳动课程加以系统地开发、设计和实施。学校教育应当充分重视和发挥劳动课的学科价值以及劳动的综合育人功能,通过为学生提供实践体验的机会激发其劳动兴趣、端正其劳动态度、发展其劳动习惯,由此劳动教育才可能得到深入推进和落实,并为普职融通提供契机。

Labor( German: Arbeit) is both spiritual and physical and takes spiritual development as a prerequisite and a fundamental concern.The implementation of the "Labor Principles"in schools can cultivate students’ "labor community"consciousness,moral character and career determination ability. Apart from being implemented as a basic principle of school education,labor should also be systematically developed,designed and implemented in the form of a specific labor curriculum.School education should pay full attention to and give full play to the disciplinary value of labor lessons and the comprehensive education function of labor. The opportunities for practical experience can stimulate students’ interest in labor,correct their attitude towards labor,and develop their habits around labor. Only in this way can labor education be further promoted and implemented.It further provides an opportunity for the integration of general education and vocational education.