美国一流大学如何促进创新创业?--基于威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校创新创业生态系统的分析

How does US World-Class University Promote the Innovation & Entrepreneurship? Analysis of the Innovation & Entrepreneurship Ecosystem in University of Wisconsin-Madison

创新源自对新知识、新技术的探索与跨学科的合作研究,创业则是在充满高风险、不确定的商业环境中创造体现市场价值的产品或服务。有效建立起衔接创新与创业之间关系的生态系统,是提升一流大学科学研究实力、促进大学原创知识的市场转化、激励大学教学科研人员创新产出的关键。威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校作为美国公立研究型大学中的"旗舰大学",在激励创新的内部组织变革、跨学科研究计划、创新成果的合规审查与专业化服务、创新成果的技术转移与校企合作研发、大学教师的学术创业等领域逐渐形成了一个开放的、自循环的创新创业生态系统。

Innovation originates from the exploration of new knowledge and technologies and cross-disciplinary collaborative research.Entrepreneurship is the creation of products or services that reflect market value in a highrisk,uncertain business environment. Establishing the relationship between innovation and entrepreneurship via creating an effective ecosystem is the key to enhancing the scientific research strength of first-class universities,which has the potential to promote the market conversion of knowledge and the innovation output of teaching and research personnel.An open and self-sustaining ecosystem as such can be found in the case of the University of Wisconsin-Madison,a "flagship" in public research universities in the United States.The university encourages innovation by offering impetus in various aspects including internal organizational change,interdisciplinary research programs,compliance review,professional services on transferring innovation output and technology,university-business cooperation,as well as the academic entrepreneurship of university faculty.