黄花蒿发酵粉对肉仔鸡生长的影响及其抗球虫感染的效果

Effects of Fermented Powder of Artemisia annua Linn on Growth and Its Efficacy against Coccidiosis in Broiler Chicks

本试验旨在检测黄花蒿发酵粉对肉仔鸡生长性能的影响,并以抗球虫药物(地克株利)为对照,检测其抗鸡盲肠型柔嫩艾美耳球虫(Eimeria tenella)感染的功效。试验选取1日龄体重相近的雪山草鸡公鸡270羽,随机分为对照组和3个试验组;饲养试验时间为21 d,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂添加0.4%、0.8%和1.2%黄花蒿发酵粉的基础饲粮,每周称取体重。在14日龄时,对照组随机分为3个亚组,即阴性对照亚组(不感染+不给药)、阳性对照亚组(感染+不给药)和抗球虫药物(地克株利)对照亚组(感染+给药);各个试验组随机分为2个亚组,即阴性试验亚组(不感染+不给药)和阳性试验亚组(感染+不给药),此时每亚组有2个重复,每个重复15羽鸡。在15日龄时进行攻虫,感染亚组每羽鸡口服1 mL含105个/mL柔嫩艾美尔球虫卵囊的重铬酸钾水溶液。在21日龄时称取体重,计算死亡率,称取胸浅肌和腓肠肌外侧头重,进行盲肠病变评分和卵囊排出量计数。结果表明:1)黄花蒿发酵粉对鸡只7、14和21日龄的体重和体增重及21日龄的骨骼肌重均有极显著的影响(P<0.01)。2)感染盲肠型球虫第7天,饲喂添加0.8%黄花蒿发酵粉的感染鸡只的体重和骨骼肌重,与阴性对照亚组的非感染鸡无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)黄花蒿发酵粉可显著降低感染鸡的血便数量和盲肠病变评分(P<0.05),减少球虫卵囊排出数量;含0.8%黄花蒿发酵粉的饲粮的抗球虫指数达到139,属于低效抗球虫药物,而含0.4%和1.2%黄花蒿发酵粉的饲粮的抗球虫指数低于120,判定为无抗盲肠型球虫的效果。综上所述,饲粮中添加黄花蒿发酵粉能提高肉仔鸡的生长性能,且有剂量依赖效应;黄花蒿发酵粉可以降低盲肠型球虫感染肉仔鸡的卵囊排出量,缓解肠道黏膜损伤,含0.8%黄花蒿发酵粉的饲粮具有一定的抗球虫效果。

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of fermented powder of Artemisia annua Linn(AAF)on growth performance of broiler chicks and its efficacy against caecum Eimeria tenella infection by using the anti-coccidiosis drug(diclazuril)as the control.Two hundred and seventy 1-day-old Xueshan yellow-feather broiler cocks with similar body weight were randomly assigned to a control group and 3 experimental groups.The diet of the control group was a basal diet without AAF,while the diets of 3 experiment groups were the basal diet supplemented with 0.4%,0.8% and 1.2% AAF,respectively.The trial period was 21 days.The body weight was recorded weekly.At the age of 14 days,the control group was randomly divided into three subgroups,named,the negative control subgroup(uninfected,unmedicated),the positive control subgroup(infected,unmedicated),and the anticoccidiosis drug(diclazuril)control subgroup(infected,medicated).Each experimental group was randomly divided into two subgroups,named,the negative experimental subgroup(uninfected,unmedicated)and the positive experimental subgroup(infected,unmedicated).During this stage,each group had two replications and with 15 cocks each.At the age of 15 days,the oral dose of each bird in the infected group was 1 mL of potassium dichromate solution containing 105 oocysts per milliliter.At the age of 21 days,body weight was measured and mortality was calculated,and pectoralis major weight,lateral gastrocnemius muscle weight,caecum lesions score and oocyst output were investigated.The result showed as follows:1)AAF had significant effects on body weight and body weight gain of broilers at 7,14 and 21 days of age and the weight of skeletal muscle of broilers at 21 days of age(P<0.05).2)After 7 days of caecum Eimeria tenella infection,there were no significant differences in body weight and the weight of skeletal muscle between the infected cocks added 0.8% AAF to diets and the uninfected cocks in the negative control group(P>0.05).3)AAF could significantly decrease amount of bloody feces,oocyst output and caecum lesions(P<0.05).Anticoccidioss index(ACI)of 0.8% AAF was 139,which was judged as a low efficacy anticoccidiosis drug;ACI of 0.4%and 1.2% AAF was lower than 120,which were judged as useless anti-coccidiosis drug.In conclusion,the supplementation of AAF can promote growth performance of broiler chicks with a dose-dependent manner,which can also decrease oocyst output and alleviate intestinal mucosa lesions in broiler chicks infected with Eimeria tenella,while the diet containing 0.8% AAF has certain anticoccidiosis effect.