绿尾虹雉的卵、卵壳和羽毛营养成分含量分析

Analysis of Nutritional Component Contents in Egg,Eggshell and Feather of Chinese Monal(Lophophorus lhuysii)

本试验旨在测定和分析绿尾虹雉的卵、卵壳和羽毛营养成分含量,以期为人工饲养绿尾虹雉的饲粮配制以及野外绿尾虹雉的环境保护提供科学依据。随机选取笼养绿尾虹雉未受精卵13枚,野外绿尾虹雉的卵壳碎块若干,野外和笼养绿尾虹雉羽毛各20根,进行营养成分含量测定,样品均采自四川蜂桶寨国家级自然保护区。结果显示:1)测定的绿尾虹雉卵、羽毛中的18种氨基酸中,除色氨酸外,羽毛中的其余17种氨基酸含量均高于卵;卵与羽毛的必需氨基酸/非必需氨基酸、必需氨基酸/总氨基酸、必需氨基酸/粗蛋白质的值基本一致。2)卵、卵壳和羽毛的常量元素中均以钙含量最高;笼养与野外卵壳间钙含量差异不显著(P>0.05),笼养与野外羽毛间钙含量亦差异不显著(P>0.05)。3)卵、卵壳和羽毛的微量元素中均以铁含量最高;笼养与野外卵壳间铁含量差异不显著(P>0.05),笼养与野外羽毛间铁含量亦差异不显著(P>0.05)。卵中硒、碘、锰,笼养和野外卵壳中硒,笼养和野外羽毛中碘均未检出(<0.1 mg/kg)。4)卵壳中铅含量极显著高于卵、羽毛(P<0.01),野外卵壳中铅含量极显著高于笼养卵壳(P<0.01)。结论如下:1)本试验所测定的绿尾虹雉卵、羽毛中氨基酸、矿物元素及卵壳中矿物元素含量可为配制笼养绿尾虹雉繁殖期饲粮提供参考依据。2)笼养绿尾虹雉卵、羽毛和卵壳中部分微量元素未检出可能与饲粮中补充不足有关,重金属元素铅含量较高可能与笼养环境有关。3)野外绿尾虹雉卵壳中重金属元素铅含量较高,预示绿尾虹雉的野外生活环境受到了一定程度的污染。

This experiment was conducted to the determine and analyze of the nutritional component contents in egg,eggshell and feather of Chinese monal(Lophophorus lhuysii),in order to provide scientific basis for diet formulation of the artificially raised and the environmental protection of the wild Chinese monal.We randomly selected 13 unfertilized eggs and 20 feathers from the captive Chinese monal,as well as eggshell fragments and 20 feathers from the wild Chinese monal,all samples were collected within Sichuan Fengtongzhai National Nature Reserve.The nutritional component contents in egg,eggshell and feather samples were determined.The results showed as follows:1)among the 18 kinds of amino acids in egg and feather,the other 17 kinds of amino acids in caged and wild feathers were higher than those in egg except tryptophan.The ratios of essential amino acids(EAA)/non-essential amino acids(NEAA),EAA/total amino acids(TAA)and EAA/crude protein(CP)in egg were essentially the same as those in feathers.2)The calcium(Ca)content in egg,eggshell and feather was the highest.There was no significant difference in Ca content between caged and wild eggshells(P>0.05),and no significant difference in Ca content between caged and wild feathers(P>0.05).3)In the trace elements,the content of iron(Fe)was the highest in egg,eggshell and feather,and there was no significant difference in Fe content between caged and wild eggshells(P>0.05),and no significant difference in Fe content between caged and wild feathers(P>0.05).The reliable presence of selenium(Se),iodine(I),manganese(Mn)in eggs,Se in caged and wild eggshells and I in caged and wild feathers were not detected,because the contents of each element were under 0.1 mg/kg.4)The content of plumbum(Pb)in eggshell was significantly higher than that in egg and feather(P<0.01).The Pb content in wild eggshell was significantly higher than that in caged eggshell(P<0.01).The conclusions are as follows:1)the contents of amino acids,mineral elements in egg and feather and the mineral elements in eggshell determined in this experiment can provide a reference for the preparation of diet for breeding period of caged Chinese monal;2)the lack of some trace elements in egg,eggshell,feather of caged Chinese monal may be related to the deficiency of dietary nutrition,and the content of Pb is higher,which may be related to the cage rearing environment;3)the high content of Pb in eggshell of wild Chinese monal is indicative of the pollution in the living environment of the wild Chinese monal.