螺旋藻、裂壶藻和大型溞粉组合饲料对红草金鱼生长、体色和生理生化指标的影响

Effects of Combined Feed of Spirulina,Schizochytrium and Daphnia magna Powder on Growth,Body Color and Physiological and Biochemical Indexes of Garassius auratus red var.

本试验旨在研究不同添加水平的螺旋藻、裂壶藻、大型溞粉组合饲料对红草金鱼(Carassius auratus red var.)生长、体色和生理生化指标的影响。选取初始体重(21.77±1.38)g、初始体长(8.79±0.55)cm的健康红草金鱼300尾,随机分为5组(每组3个重复,每个重复20尾鱼),分别投喂含不同水平螺旋藻、裂壶藻和大型溞粉的组合饲料60 d。其中,C组(对照组)饲料中不含螺旋藻、裂壶藻和大型溞粉;C1组饲料中含4.0%螺旋藻、1.0%裂壶藻、4.0%大型溞粉;C2组饲料中含6.0%螺旋藻、1.5%裂壶藻、6.0%大型溞粉;C3组饲料中含8.0%螺旋藻、2.0%裂壶藻、8.0%大型溞粉;C4组饲料中含10.0%螺旋藻、2.5%裂壶藻、10.0%大型溞粉。分别于第30天和第60天取样,测定生长指标、组织类胡萝卜素含量、体表色度和体内生理生化指标。结果显示:投喂30 d时,C1、C2组的蛋白质效率、特定生长率与增重率较C组显著提高(P<0.05),饲料系数较C组显著降低(P<0.05);投喂60 d时,C2、C3组蛋白质效率、特定生长率、肥满度与增重率较C组显著提高(P<0.05),同时C3组饲料系数较C组显著降低(P<0.05)。与C组相比,投喂30 d时C2组皮肤与鳞片中类胡萝卜素含量显著提高(P<0.05);投喂60 d时C2组皮肤与鳍条中类胡萝卜素含量显著提高(P<0.05)。投喂30与60 d时,体表亮度(L*)与红度(a*)值的最大值均出现在C3组,并显著高于C组(P<0.05)。投喂30与60 d时,血清和各组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性与一氧化氮(NO)含量的最大值、丙二醛(MDA)含量的最小值以及血清中甘油三酯(TG)与总胆固醇(T-CHO)含量的最小值均出现C3组,且C3组上述指标与C组的差异均达到显著水平(P<0.05)。综合分析生长、体色和生理生化指标,红草金鱼饲料中添加8.0%螺旋藻、2.0%裂壶藻和8.0%大型溞粉较为适宜。

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of different supplemental levels of combined feed of Spirulina,Schizochytrium and Daphnia magna powder on the growth,body color and physiological and biochemical indexes of Carassius auratus red var.Three hundred healthy Carassius auratus red var.with the initial body weight of(21.77±1.38)g and the initial body length of(8.79±0.55)cm were selected and divided into 5 groups with 3 replicates per group and 20 fish per replicate,and fish in the 5 groups were fed diets with different levels of combined feed of Spirulina,Schizochytrium,Daphnia magna powder for 60 days,specific as follows:C group(control group),the diet did not contain Spirulina,Schizochytrium and Daphnia magna powder;C1 group,the diet contained 4.0% Spirulina,1.0% Schizochytrium and 4.0% Daphnia magna powder;C2 group,the diet contained 6.0% Spirulina,1.5% Schizochytrium and 6.0% Daphnia magna powder;C3 group,the diet contained 8.0% Spirulina,2.0% Schizochytrium and 8.0% Daphnia magna powder;C4 group,the diet contained 10.0% Spirulina,2.5% Schizochytrium and 10.0% Daphnia magna powder.Samples were taken on the 30th and 60th day,respectively,to determine the growth indexes,tissue carotenoid content,body color,body physiological and biochemical indexes.The results showed that the protein efficiency ratio(PER),special growth rate(SGR)and weight gain rate(WGR)in C1 and C2 groups were significantly higher than those in C group(P<0.05),and the feed conversion ratio(FCR)was significantly lower than that in C group(P<0.05)at feeding 30 days.At feeding 60 days,the PER,SGR,WGR and condition factor(CF)in C2 and C3 groups were significantly higher than those in C group(P<0.05),and the FCR in C3 group was significantly lower than that in C group(P<0.05).Compared with C group,the carotenoid content in skin and scales in C2 group was significantly increased at feeding 30 days(P<0.05);while at feeding 60 days,the C2 group showed significantly higher carotenoid content in skin and fins(P<0.05).Both at feeding 30 and 60 days,the values of body lightness(L*)and redness(a*)reached the highest values in C3 group,which were significantly higher than those in C group(P<0.05);the highest superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT)activities and nitric oxide(NO)content and the lowest malondialdehyde(MDA)content in serum and tissues were found in C3 group,as well as the lowest values of serum triglyceride(TG)and total cholesterol(T-CHO)contents,and above indexes in C3 group had significant difference compared with C group(P<0.05).Considering the growth,body color and physiological and biochemical indexes,the suitable additive amount of Spirulina,Schizochytrium and Daphnia magna powder in the diet of Garassius auratus red var.is 8.0%,2.0% and 8.0%,respectively.