扶贫政策的负外部性及其化解

The Negative Externalities of Poverty Alleviation Policy and Its Solution

在脱贫攻坚中,对重点贫困地区的精确瞄准与偏向投入,在一定程度上对非贫困县、非贫困村与非贫困户产生了必然的政策负外部性,表现为县域脱贫结构失衡、村庄帮扶悬崖效应与边缘人群争贫风险。究其原由,在公共政策过程中,竞争性的政策汲取、排他性的政策分配与分割性的政策评价是负外部性的三种发生机理。为此需要建立上下融合减贫机制,探索社区主导发展模式,拓展村民赋权参与空间,通过政策纠正、调适以消解和弥补政策负效应,强化政治决策与分配的正义性。

In the fight against poverty,the precise targeting and biased investment in poverty-stricken areas have,to a certain extent,produced inevitable policy negative externalities for non-poor areas,which is manifested by the imbalance of county poverty alleviation structure and village assistance,and the cliff effect and the risk of poverty among marginalized people.The reason is that in the process of public policy,competitive policy extraction,exclusive policy distribution and segmented policy evaluation are three mechanisms of negative externalities.To this end,it is necessary to establish a mechanism for integrating poverty reduction,explore community-led development models,expand the participation of villagers in empowerment,and adjust policy to eliminate the negative effects of policies and strengthen the justice of political decision-making and distribution.