不同叶幕类型对‘赤霞珠’葡萄产量与果实品质的影响

Effects of canopy types on yield and berry quality of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’

【目的】探讨直立叶幕和V形叶幕对酿酒葡萄‘赤霞珠’果实品质以及产量的影响,以期为建立合理的酿酒葡萄栽培架式提供参考。【方法】通过温湿度仪对不同叶幕类型下果实表面的温度和湿度进行监测,使用便携式光合仪测量叶片的光合指标,测定成熟果实的产量以及品质指标,对葡萄果皮中花色苷代谢途径中相关基因进行qRT-PCR荧光定量验证,分析不同叶幕形对赤霞珠产量以及果实品质的影响。【结果】V形叶幕拥有着较好的通风散热能力,在转色期与成熟中期,V形叶幕叶片的净光合速率显著高于直立形叶幕。V形叶幕平均单株产量和可溶性固形物含量分别比直立叶幕显著提高了20.57%和6.34%,且果实着色较好,两种叶幕形下果皮总酚、总类黄酮、总单宁含量差异不显著,但V形叶幕果皮的总黄烷醇、总花色苷含量分别比直立形叶幕高9.16%和12.92%;V形叶幕下葡萄果皮花色苷代谢途径中相关基因的表达量高于直立形叶幕。【结论】与直立形叶幕相比,V形叶幕在保证葡萄果实品质的同时,又提高葡萄果实产量。

【Objective】Raw grapes are the key to determine the quality of wine, and the grape maturity is mainly affected by many factors such as variety, temperature, light, moisture, and cultivation measures. Reasonable field cultivation management can increase the yield and quality of grapes. Environmental indicators like canopy temperature and light intensity are the main factors affecting the growth and development of grapevine. A reasonable canopy can improve the light and temperature conditions of grape microdomains and regulate the vegetative growth and reproduction of the vines. Vertical and Yshaped trellising systems are most commonly used as a vine-growing practice in China. The cordon position of vertical trellising system makes it easier for mechanical operation and vine burial for overwintering, while V-shaped canopy is more vigorous and has better berry quality. It has the characteristics of high plant density and high yield, and is mostly used in the cultivation of fresh grapes. Compared with other cultivation techniques, changing the structure of foliage to regulate the microclimate of grape berries and improving the yield and berry quality are the simplest and feasible technologies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of vertical and V-shaped canopy on cluster micro-environment, yield and berry quality.【Methods】V-shaped and vertical trellis systems were applied in commercial vineyards of‘Cabernet Sauvignon’. The temperature and humidity around the cluster were collected in 2018. The leaf photosynthetic indexes were measured from June to September 2018. The effects of canopy types on photosynthesis, transpiration, the intercellular CO2 concentration and stomatal conductance were determined at five stages during berry ripening. The external appearance, sugar, acidity,flavor compounds and seven anthocyanin-related genes were quantified at ripening stage.【Results】The results showed that the ratio of high temperature and the variations in humidity and temperature decreased around the cluster of V-shaped canopy, especially in July and August. Light environment was important for the yield and quality of grape berries. V-shaped canopy resulted in significantly larger sizes of single cluster. The yield of V-shaped canopy was higher than that of vertical canopy by 20.57%.The soluble solids and reducing sugar contents with V-shaped canopy were significantly higher. The pH values of the two canopy types were similar. The berry color of V-shaped canopy was brighter and deeper. The contents of total flavanols and anthocyanins increased in grape skin with V-shaped system by 9.16% and 12.92%, respectively. The gene expression related to anthocyanin metabolism pathway was up-regulated with V-shaped canopy.【Conclusion】V-shaped canopy effectively regulated the micro-environment around clusters and could be applied to increase the yield of wine grape, and guarantee the quality of grape berries simultaneously.