基于引用内容与功能分析的科学知识发展演进规律研究

Measuring the Developmental Trend of a Knowledge Domain Through Citation Content and Citation Function Analysis

[目的/意义]针对引用的具体内容挖掘领域科学家的研究重心和态度倾向,对于解决传统引文分析存在的问题具有重要价值。[方法/过程]以大规模生物灭绝领域为案例,收集1980-2015年间引用Alvarez等(1980)的全部文献,并人工提取正文中引用的具体内容。结合上下文语境,人工标注每一条引用的具体功能。借助突变度分析,发现36年间各个时期内频次发生激增的引用关键词和引用功能,并在此基础上探讨科学知识的发展演进规律。[结果/结论]分析结果能够反映大规模生物灭绝领域的发展演进特点,证明引用内容分析能够解决传统引文分析面临的问题。该研究所提方法有利于从更微观的层面上把握科学知识流动的过程和规律,为科学研究者和科研管理者准确把握科学发展的脉络和趋势提供新的思路。

[Purpose/Significance]The present study aims to test the hypotheses that problems in traditional citation analysis can be resolved by analyzing scientists’ research focus and sentiment as reflected in the citation content.[Method/Process]Taking the field of Mass Extinction as a case study,the current study collected all the literatures citing Alvarez et al.(1980) from 1980 to 2015,and manually extracted the citation contents from the corpus.The specific functions of each citation are annotated manually based on the context.Through burst detection analysis,the keywords and citation functions whose frequencies surged at different periods during the past 36 years were detected,and the developmental trend of Mass Extinction was discussed.[Result/Conclusion]The results indicate that citation content and function analyses can reflect the evolution of Mass Extinction research.It is proved that citation content analysis can solve the potential problems in traditional citation analysis,can reveal more subtleties about knowledge evolution,and can provide a new way of tracing the developmental trend of a knowledge domain.