海水养殖贝类病害预警预报技术及其应用

An early warning system for diseases during mollusc mariculture:exploration and utilization

贝类是中国海水养殖产业的重要组成部分,近年来,海水养殖贝类病害时有发生,尤其在夏季常出现大规模死亡,造成重大经济损失,严重威胁了贝类养殖产业的健康发展。由于贝类缺乏适应性免疫,且通常养殖于开放水体,难以通过药物投放、注射或水质调节等措施控制病害的发生,因此,建立养殖贝类健康评价体系,加强养殖生态环境监测及病害发生的预警预报,已成为保障中国贝类养殖业健康可持续发展、确保粮食和生态安全的迫切需求。本文从病原、宿主、环境间的耦合关系出发,结合团队前期研究和工作实践,综述了水产养殖动物病害预警预报研究进展,同时针对北黄海和渤海贝类养殖海区的生态系统特征及贝类养殖现状,并结合病害预警预报的工作实践,重点阐述了海水养殖贝类病害预警模型构建的思路、原理和初步应用,以期为建立海水养殖动物病害防控体系、保障中国海水养殖业的绿色健康发展提供理论参考和技术支撑。

Mollusc aquaculture plays a dominant role in the aquaculture industry of China.However,the frequent outbreak of summer mortality has heavily threatened the development of the mollusc aquaculture industry.Since the mollusc species lack the acquired immune system and are usually cultured in the open water bodies,it is global puzzle to effectively control the occurrence and prevalence of diseases through water quality regulation,application of vaccine or other pharmaceutical preparations.It is urgent to develop an early warning system for diseases control to reduce the economic loss.In this article,we summarize the research progress of an early warning system in aquatic animals from the aspects of microbiology,immunology,physiology,pathology,ecology,and aquaculture.Furthermore,we discuss the methodology for the construction of early disease warning system and its application in marine mollusc aquaculture based on our primary research progress in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea.This review will provide the theoretical basis for the development of early warning system for the sustainable development of aquaculture.