摘要
[目的]阐明宁夏风沙区苹果园土壤质量演变过程,为该区域苹果园管理与发展、苹果产业可持续发展及脱贫富农提供依据。[方法]以宁夏沙坡头区2年生(2 a)、5年生(5 a)、10年生(10 a)和25年生(25 a)苹果园为研究样地,以周围荒地为对照(CK),分析各样地土壤理化性质变化特征及其相关关系,并根据土壤质量综合技术评价标准进行苹果园土壤质量评价。[结果]①随林龄增加,土壤含水量、土壤电导率、土壤全氮、土壤有机碳、土壤速效钾、速效磷和水解性氮均呈现上升趋势,而土壤C/N和土壤温度均呈现下降趋势。土壤黏粉粒、土壤pH值和土壤硒含量呈现先升高后降低趋势,而土壤容重呈现先降低后增加趋势,且均在10 a时出现最值(峰值或谷值)。但土壤孔隙度表现为不同样地间无显著差异性。②苹果园土壤粗砂粒和黏粉粒与土壤温度及土壤C/N呈显著负相关(p<0.01),而与土壤含水量、土壤全氮及有机碳呈显著正相关(p<0.01)。土壤粗砂粒与土壤速效钾及土壤水解性氮呈显著正相关(p<0.01)。土壤含水量与土壤温度及土壤C/N呈显著负相关(p<0.01),而与土壤全氮、有机碳、土壤速效钾和水解性氮呈显著正相关(p<0.01)。土壤容重与土壤黏粉粒、土壤含水量、土壤全氮及有机碳呈负相关(p<0.05)。土壤养分指标之间均存在正相关关系(p<0.05)。但土壤孔隙度和土壤硒与其余指标间均无相关性(p>0.05)。③综合土壤物理、化学及营养指标,土壤质量综合得分排序表现为:25 a>10 a>5 a>0>2 a>CK。[结论]在宁夏风沙区种植苹果经济林5 a左右即可改善土壤理化性质,10 a时促进土壤质量性状显著提高,特别是土壤硒含量处于较高水平,并且随着种植年限增加,宁夏沙区苹果园土壤质量持续改善。
[Objective]The evolution process of soil quality in apple orchard was investigated,in order to provide the basis for the management and development of apple orchard,the sustainable development of apple industry and the poverty alleviation in desertified area of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.[Methods]We selected apple plantations of 2 years,5 years,10 years and 25 years as the study sites,and the adjacent waste land as the control(CK),to investigate the changes of soil physical and chemical properties and their correlations.Soil comprehensive quality index was analyzed,in order to assess the soil quality.[Results]①With the increase of plantation age,soil moisture content,electrical conductivity,total nitrogen,organic carbon,available potassium,available phosphorus and hydrolytic nitrogen all increased,while soil C∶N and soil temperature all declined.Soil clay and silt,soil pH value and soil selenium content increased in initial stage and then declined,while soil bulk density decreased firstly and then increased subsequently,and the maximum value(peak or trough value)appeared at 10 years.There was no significant difference between soil porosity in different cultivation age of apple plantations.②Soil coarse sand and soil clay and silt were negatively(p<0.01)correlated with soil temperature and soil C∶N ratio,and there was a positive(p<0.01)correlation between soil moisture content,total nitrogen and organic carbon.In contrast,there was a positive(p<0.01)correlation between soil coarse sand and soil available potassium and hydrolytic nitrogen.Soil moisture content was negatively(p<0.01)correlated with soil temperature and soil C∶N,and there was a positive correlation between soil total nitrogen,organic carbon,available potassium and hydrolytic nitrogen.Soil bulk density was a negatively(p<0.05)correlated with soil clay and silt,soil moisture content,total nitrogen and organic carbon.There was a positive correlation between soil nutrients,whereas there was no correlation(p>0.05)between soil porosity,soil selenium and other indicators.③According to the soil physical,chemical and nutritional indexes,the soil quality comprehensive index was ranked as:25 years>10 years>5 years>0>2 years>CK.[Conclusion]The physical and chemical properties of soil can be improved by planting apple economic forests in Ningxia desertified regions for 5 years,and soil quality and soil selenium can be improved significantly in 10 years.With the increase of planting years,soil quality can be improved continuously in Ningxia windy desert area.
作者
张静
黄兴科
罗雅曦
常海涛
刘任涛
Zhang Jing;Huang Xingke;Luo Yaxi;Chang Haitao;Liu Rentao(Key Laboratory for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Northwestern China of Ministry of Education,Ningxia University,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750021,China;College of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750021,China;Zhongwei Forestry Technology Extension Center,Zhongwei,Ningxia 755000,China)
出处
《水土保持通报》
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第6期66-76,共11页
Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
国家自然科学基金项目“腾格里沙漠固沙造林后植被恢复对土壤节肢动物多样性分布的影响”(41867005),“荒漠灌丛对土壤动物的“聚集-扩散”效应”(41661054)
宁夏高等学校科学研究项目(NGY2018007)
宁夏自然科学基金项目(2018AAC02004)
宁夏回族自治区科技基础条件建设计划创新平台专项资金项目(2018DPC05021)
宁夏青年拔尖人才支持计划(RQ0010)
宁夏高校“生态学”西部一流学科项目(NXYLXK2017B06)。
关键词
宁夏风沙区
林龄
苹果园
土壤理化性质
土壤硒
土壤质量
desertified region of Ningxia
stand age
apple plantation
soil physical and chemical properties
soil selenium
soil quality