关于中国水土流失研究中若干理论问题的新见解

New Opinions on Several Theoretical Issues in Researches of Soil Erosion in China

[目的]探讨中国不同地区有关水土流失问题的根源,为水土保持研究提供理论依据,为青年学者提供学术研究的思路和方法。[方法]在大量的野外考察和学术交流基础上,利用各种形式的信息资料,重点从地质学角度分析有关水土保持问题。[结果]简要阐明了对5个水土流失问题的新认识:晋陕蒙接壤区砒砂岩与鄂尔多斯地台油气和铀矿藏的关系,优先流与黄土高原冲沟的形成和塬区地下水的来源,华南崩岗的侵蚀与治理,下伏亚黏土不透水层对东北黑土侵蚀的影响和西南喀斯特坡地土壤的地下漏失等。[结论]水土保持科学是密切结合生产实际的应用学科,应该首先服务国家生态文明建设的需求。研究工作者要善于发现问题,敢于质疑权威,综合运用多学科的知识解决问题。只有这样才能保证我们的学术研究沿着正确的方向不断进步。

[Objective]The causes of soil erosion in various regions in China were discussed in order to provide theoretical basis for researches on soil and water conservation,and to enlighten young researchers in the academic research.[Methods]According to a large number of field investigations and academic exchanges,using information from various sources,the issues in soil and water conservation were analyzed mainly from the view of geology.[Results]Brief description of new opinions on five soil erosion issues:the relationship between the feldspathic sandstone in the contiguous area of Shanxi Province-Shaanxi Province-Inner Mongolia and the oil and gas fields and the uranium deposits in the Ordos Platform;preferential flow and its effects on the gully formation and groundwater recharge in the tableland of Loess Plateau;collapsed gully erosion and its control in South China;influences of the underlying mild clay on erosion of the black soil in Northeast China;and soil leaking on karst slops in Southwest China.[Conclusion]The science of soil and water conservation is an applied subject closely combined with practices,and should firstly serve for the needs of national ecological civilization construction.Researchers should be good at discovering problems,dare to doubt authorities,and solve the problems with comprehensive and multidisciplinary knowledge.Only in this way can we ensure that our scientific researches continues to progress in the right direction.