从百年时间跨度照片对比分析毛乌素沙地生态变化

Comparative Analysis of Ecological Changes Based on Photos Taken in 1908 and 2019 in Mu Us Sandy Land

[目的]分析毛乌素沙地百年时间跨度的景观变化,为该区生态治理研究提供依据。[方法]通过卫星影像判读、实地考察和照片复摄等方法,历时4个多月,找到了1908年罗伯特·斯特林·克拉克考察队在毛乌素沙地考察时拍摄的4张照片的原始拍摄地,于2019年完成了百年老照片的复摄工作,并对新老照片中生态因素的变化进行了对比分析。[结果]一百多年前的毛乌素沙地,植被稀少,风沙肆虐。新中国成立后,当地政府组织群众开展沙地整治,经过几十年治理,流动沙丘得到固定,区域植被得到有效恢复,水土流失得到有效控制。[结论]由于毛乌素沙地生态十分脆弱,已得到治理的沙地仍存在沙化的风险,需要把毛乌素沙地治理纳入黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展总体规划,统筹协调,综合治理。

[Objective]The landscape change of Mu Us sandy land in the past 100 years was analyzed in order to provide basis for the study of ecological management in this area.[Methods]Through satellite image interpretation and field investigation,we found out the shooting site of four photos taken by Robert Sterling Clark expedition in the Mu Us sandy land in 1908,and rephotographed the photos of the past hundred years in 2019,and then compared the changes of ecological factors in the new and old photos.[Results]More than one hundred years ago,Mu Us sandy land was sparsely covered with vegetation,and the sandstorm was rampant.After the founding of the People’s Republic of China,the local government organized the masses to carry out sand remediation.After decades of treatments,mobile sand dunes were fixed,regional vegetation was effectively restored,and soil erosion was effectively controlled.[Conclusion]Due to the fragile ecology of Mu Us sandy land,there is still the risk of desertification in the sand land that has been treated.It is necessary to integrate the treatment of Mu Us sandy land into the overall plan for ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River basin,so as to make overall coordination and comprehensive treatment.