论汽车经销商的缔约欺诈及惩罚性赔偿

On Contract Fraud and Punitive Compensation of Car Dealers

因汽车经销商与消费者之间的信息控制能力悬殊,缔约过程中经销商对消费者负有一定范围内的明示信息告知义务与默示信息告知义务。前者源于当事人约定、法律规定及交易习惯;后者应在汽车经销商可归责性与消费者合理期待的框架之下,从消费者缔约目的、对汽车基本现状的影响、经销商获得信息的成本以及消费者合理期待等方面予以权衡判断。汽车经销商欺诈的构成仅限于故意要件,不包括所谓"过失欺诈"。为避免"退一赔三"致使经销商与消费者的利益严重失衡,应对"消法"第55条进行目的性限缩,结合汽车瑕疵的类型、是否构成根本违约以及是否存在产品缺陷等因素,依据不同标准计算汽车经销商缔约欺诈的惩罚性赔偿额。

Due to the disparity in the information control capabilities between car dealers and consumers,the dealers have a certain range of explicit and implied information notification obligations to consumers during the contracting process.The former originates from the parties′agreement,legal requirements and trading habits;the latter should be within the framework of the car dealer′s accountability and the reasonable expectations of consumers,which means that the purpose of consumer contracting,the impact on the basic status of the car,the dealer′s cost of obtaining information and the reasonable expectations of consumers are weighed and judged.The composition of car dealer fraud(Article 55 of the"Consumption Law")is limited to intentional elements and does not include so-called"negligence fraud."In order to avoid the serious imbalance between the interests of dealers and consumers caused by"compensate triple refunds,"Article 55 of the"Consumption Law"should be narrowed down purposefully.Combining the types of automobile defects,whether they constitute a fundamental breach of contract,and whether there are product defects,punitive damages for car dealers′contract fraud should be calculated according to different standards.