运动与锻炼心理学研究效度的提高策略：三角互证

Improving Validity of Sport and Exercise Psychology:A Triangulation Strategy

揭示问题本质是科学研究和研究者们努力追求的目标,这一过程中的每个关键环节均面临着“是否准确”的问题。可重复性危机的出现是困境,也是机遇,以此推进“如何提高研究效度”的思考和实践。本研究提出,利用三角互证提高运动与锻炼心理学研究效度的思路,梳理三角互证的两个基础理论问题,认为三角互证是一种旨在提高效度的研究策略,三角互证不等于混合方法,其内涵要大于混合方法,适用范围和条件也更广。从研究控制和取证角度探讨三角互证提高研究效度的原理,认为三角互证可以控制研究变异,推动证据链的形成。在此基础上,提出三角互证提高研究效度的4种方案:资料收集三角互证、资料分析三角互证、研究者三角互证及方法学三角互证。方法学三角互证在实际应用中可以表现为4种形式:方法内并行三角互证、方法内前后三角互证、方法间并行三角互证、方法间前后三角互证。运动与锻炼心理学领域应高度重视研究效度问题,单一方法到多元方法使用过程中,应意识到三角互证重要的效度价值,并在实践中不断进行方法反思。

To reveal the nature of problem is the goal that scientific research and what the researchers are striving for.Every key step in the process is faced with the question of“whether accurate or not”.Reproducibility crisis not only a dilemma,but also an opportunity to promote the thinking and practice of“how to improve research validity”.This paper proposed the idea that triangulation could be used to improve the validity of sport and exercise psychology.Two basic issues of triangulation were discussed,it proves that triangulation was a research strategy aimed at improving validity and it was considered that triangulation was not equal to mixed methods,and its connotation was greater than mixed methods and its suitable range and conditions are more wider From the perspective of research control and evidence collection,the principle of triangulation to improve the validity of research was discussed.It is believed that triangulation can control research variation and promote the formation of evidence chain.On the basis of the dissertation,four schemes were proposed to improve the validity of research:data collection triangulation,analysis triangulation,investigator triangulation and methodological triangulation.The methodological triangulation can be expressed in four forms:parallel/ordinal within-methods triangulation and parallel/ordinal between-methods triangulation.In general,research validity should be highly valued in sport and exercise psychology.From the single method to the prevalence of multiple methods,we should be aware of the significant validity value of method of triangulation,and constantly reflect and improve the method in practice.