航天器增阻离轨技术发展概述及前景展望

Overview and Prospect of Drag-increasing Deorbit Technology for Spacecraft

在介绍增阻离轨技术的基础上,分析了国外开展的薄膜轨道衰降装置(GOLD)、阻力帆离轨装置(DSDD)、充气式离轨装置(IDOD)、任务后气动离轨系统(Aeoldos)、气动离轨减速系统(IDEAS)等典型项目的研制情况;总结了增阻离轨技术的方案特点,提出针对质量1000 kg以上的大卫星,研究充气式增阻离轨技术的必要性;介绍了外形设计及优化、结构材料、折叠包装与可控展开等关键技术,并对该技术在空间碎片主动清除、大型空间平台有控再入等方面的应用前景及设想进行了介绍,可为发展增阻离轨技术提供参考。

In the paper, the drag-increasing deorbit technology is introduced. Several typical related projects abroad are analyzed, such as Gossamer Orbit Lowering Device、Drag Sail Deorbit Device, Inflatable De-orbit Device, Aerodynamic End of Life De-orbit System and Innovative Deorbiting Aerobrake System. The technical features are summarized, and the research necessity of inflatable drag-increasing deorbit technology for large satellites of more than 1000 kg is proposed. The key technologies, such as shape design and optimization, structural materials, folding packing and controllable deployment, are refined. The application prospects and assumptions in terms of active space debris removal, controlled re-entry of large space platforms are introduced. This paper will provide useful reference for the development of drag-increasing deorbit technology.