东北半干旱区玉米轻简化滴灌栽培技术模式研究

Study on the Cultivation Pattern of Simplified Drip Irrigation of Maize in Northeast Semi-arid Region

以玉米为试验材料,研究玉米轻简化滴灌栽培技术模式增产增收效果。结果表明,玉米轻简化滴灌栽培技术模式玉米叶面积指数、干物质积累、产量和土壤水分利用率等指标低于膜下滴灌栽培技术模式,高于沟灌栽培技术模式。该模式播种、施肥、铺管一次完成,操作方便、机具简单,在玉米生长过程中平作不起垄、免中耕。该模式解决了膜下滴灌地膜清除不彻底易造成白色污染的问题,解决了传统沟灌氮肥分次施用不容易操作和灌水均匀度不一致问题,实现了玉米轻简化无膜滴灌栽培和玉米节水、增收和增效,可以在东北半干旱有灌溉条件的地区应用推广。

Using maize as experimental material, the cultivation patterns of simplified drip irrigation, drip irrigation under the plastic film and furrow irrigation were studied. The results showed the maize leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, yield and soil moisture utilization of the simplified drip irrigation were less than that of drip irrigation under the plastic film. The maize leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, yield and soil moisture utilization of the simplified drip irrigation were higher than that of the furrow irrigation. The sowing, fertilization and drip irrigation pipe laying of the model were completed at one time. Maize is not cultivated while it is growing. The technology mode is convenient to operate and simple to use. This model solves the problem that drip irrigation under plastic film cannot be completely cleaned and easily causes white pollution. It solves the problem of traditional furrow irrigation that nitrogen fertilizer is not easy to apply in different stages and the uniformity of irrigation water is not consistent. Water saving, increase income and increase efficiency have been realized in the simplified drip irrigation of maize, which can be applied and popularized in areas with irrigation conditions in the semi-arid regions of northeast China.