宁夏扬黄灌区有机肥配施氮肥对滴灌春玉米生长和产量的影响

Effect of Combined Application with Nitrogen Fertilizers and Organic Fertilizers on Growth and Yield of Spring Maize with Drip Irrigation in Ningxia Pumping Irrigation Area

通过两年田间定位试验,采用裂区设计,设有机肥为主处理,氮肥为副处理,研究滴灌条件下有机肥与氮肥配施对玉米生长和产量的影响,滴灌条件下砂质土壤春玉米田有机肥和氮肥配施的最佳施用量,为土壤培肥、化肥减施以及提高宁夏扬黄灌区玉米产量提供理论依据。结果表明,玉米产量以有机肥3 000 kg/hm^2配施300 kg/hm^2氮肥处理最高,比不施肥处理增产50.65%;其次为有机肥4 500 kg/hm^2配施300 kg/hm^2氮肥和有机肥4 500 kg/hm^2配施225 kg/hm^2氮肥处理,分别较不施肥增产48.78%和46.83%。根据宁夏中部干旱带扬黄灌区土壤培肥和玉米增产需要,建议推荐有机肥施用量为3 000~4 500 kg/hm^2,配施氮肥用量225~300 kg/hm^2。

Two-year-located field experiment was carried out to study the effects of organic fertilizer application with nitrogen fertilizer on the growth and yield of spring maize under drip irrigation conditions by using split plot design. The main treatment was organic fertilizer level which was applicated to the soil before maize was planted in 2016. The secondary treatment is nitrogen fertilizer. Nitrogen fertilizer was drip-irrigated to the soil in the key growing stage of spring maize. The results showed that the application of organic fertilizer with the appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer could increase the plant height and stem diameter, and promote dry matter accumulation compared with no fertilization in the whole growth period of maize, especially in the tasseling period. The yield was the highest in the application of 3 000 kg/ha organic fertilizer with 300 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizers, increasing by50.65% than no nitrogen treatment. Secondly, the treatments of applying 4 500 kg/ha organic fertilizer with 300 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizers and applying 4 500 kg/ha organic fertilizer with 225 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizers increased the yield by 48.78% and 46.83% than no nitrogen treatment, respectively. CConsidering the requirement of improving soil fertility and corn yield, the amount of 3 000-4 500 kg/ha organic fertilizer and 225-300 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizers are recommended in this region.