防御商标制度的法经济学分析

Law and Economics Analysis of Defensive Trademark System

我国现有法律规范中,虽不乏以抑制驰名商标恶意抢注为目的的制度设计,但是此类规定存在缺陷,不利于驰名商标的保护。基于现有制度在保护驰名商标方面的局限性,以及实践中通过事前注册以保护驰名商标的现实需要,使得有必要对防御商标问题进行研究。对防御商标的既有研究未能揭示该制度对所涉主体利益变动的影响。法经济学分析方法中的成本-收益分析法对该问题的探讨有着重要价值。防御商标制度带来的收益大于其成本,能促进社会财富的增加,实现资源配置效率的最大化。在制度构建方面,应明确防御商标属于“撤三”的例外。在第三人因商标不使用提起撤销该商标时,根据当事人的主张,商标局或法院可以对争议商标的驰名范围作出认定,在认定范围内的防御商标,将作为“撤三”的例外不被撤销。

Although China's laws and regulations have institutional designs for the purpose of suppressing malicious registration of well-known trademarks,such regulations have defects and are not conducive to the protection of well-known trademarks.Based on the limitation of the existing system in protecting well-known trademarks,and the practical needs to protect well-known trademarks in practice,it is necessary to study the issue of defensive trademark.The current research on defensive trademarks failed to reveal the impact of the system on the interests changes of the subjects involved.The cost-benefit analysis method in law and economics has great value in discussing this issue.The benefits of the defensive trademark system outweigh its costs,can promote the increase of social wealth,and maximize the efficiency of resource allocation.In terms of system construction,it should be clear that defensive trademark is an exception to the system of the revocation to the registered trademark that has not been used for three years.When a third party cancels the trademark due to the non-use of the trademark,according to the parties'claims,the trademark office or court may determine the well-known scope of the disputed trademark,and the defensive trademark within the scope of the determination will be used as an exception,and will not be revoked.