内在现实与社会现实：再思马克思的现实观念

Inner Reality and External Reality: Rethinking Marx’s Concept of Reality

社会现实是由观察者-行动者确立起来的。观察者-行动者的内在需求、欲望、本能,以及在文化、思想传统熏陶下逐步内生积淀下来的认知框架、思想立场、希冀目的,构成两种"内在现实"。第一种内在现实对现实的人是自然的,不受其影响的外在社会现实对人不存在、对神才存在。第二种内在现实就是罗伯特·C.塔克所说、优先于外在现实的"内在现实"。对现实的人而言,社会现实只能是内在与外在之间的互动结果。社会现实是多种内在因素与外在经验现实互动的结果,问题的关键不是是否有内在因素的参与,而是是否会固化和僵化。

Social reality is established by the observer-actor.The internal needs,desires and instincts of the observer-actor,as well as the cognitive framework,ideological position and desired purpose gradually accumulated under the influence of culture and ideological tradition,constitute two kinds of"inner reality".For real people,social reality can only be the result of interaction between internal and external.Social reality is the result of the interaction between a variety of internal factors and external experience reality.The key issue is not whether there are internal factors involved,but whether they will be solidified and rigid.