内嵌式钨铜粉末爆炸复合结构材料的研究

Study on embedded Tungsten-Copper powder explosive composite structure materials

为满足托克马克核聚变装置内壁材料对 W-Cu复合材料的需求,提出了内嵌式粉体爆炸复合方法和技术工艺。先用该方法制备内嵌式W-Cu粉复合材料,其实验粉末分别采用粒径3μm与23μm的纯钨粉和添加10%铜粉的W-Cu混合粉末(质量分数)。然后利用扫描电子显微镜、显微硬度计对内嵌式 W-Cu粉复合材料进行表征、分析。结果显示,实验粉末经过爆炸烧结压实后能达到90%以上该密实材料的密度。添加10%铜粉后制备的 W-Cu粉复合结构材料结合界面更加规则均匀理想,结合界面附近几乎没有孔隙,粉末压实部分孔隙度更小且孔隙的尺寸更小,均匀致密性更好,但粉末压实层硬度更低。使用粒径3μm的混合粉末与23μm的混合粉末,后者制备的 W-Cu粉复合材料,粉末压实部分均匀致密性更好,孔隙度更小且孔隙的尺寸更小,粉末压实层密度更大,但硬度更低。

In order to meet the demand of tungsten-copper(W-Cu)composite material for the inner wall material of Tokemak nuclear fusion device,an in-line embedded powder explosion composite method was proposed.Embedded W-Cu powder composites materials were prepared by this method,and the experimental powders were made of pure W powder and W-Cu mixed powder(10%wt.Cu)with particle sizes 3μm and 23μm.Then the scanning electron microscope(SEM)and micro hardness tester are used to analyze the embedded W-Cu powder composites materials.The experiment result shows that after explosive sintering and densification,the density of the powder will reach 90%of the materials.Comparing to the composite plate using pure W powder and W-Cu powder(10%wt.Cu),the combined interfaces of the latter are more structural and well-distributed with nearly no porosity.The few existing pores also have a smaller size than those manufactured by pure W powder.However,the hardness of the interference layer is lower.As for the powder with diameter of 3μm and 23μm,the interface of the panels manufactured by the powder with larger diameter is more dense,stable and uniform,with a higher porosity and smaller pore size,but lower hardness.