行政吸纳社会的“新边疆”——以北京市慈善生态系统为例

New Frontier of Administrative Absorption of Society——Based on the Study of Beijing Charity Ecosystem

经过近四十年的发展,现代中国慈善生态系统初步形成。自然、民间和政府三种力量分别建立起三种相应的系统结构,共同支配着中国慈善生态系统的运行。比较而言,自然形成的秩序最为稳固,而且能够与其它秩序顺畅兼容;民间建构的组织结构最不健全,而且最为脆弱;政府的统合结构最完善,也最为强大。这种秩序格局是新公共管理嵌入行政吸纳社会的结果。在慈善生态系统中,中国政府一方面强化行政吸纳社会的“限制”策略,另一方面借鉴新公共管理完善“利用”策略,并在此基础上发展出对慈善组织的“分层控制”策略,进一步拓展了行政吸纳社会的理论内涵与现实实践。

Over the past forty years,the modern Chinese charity ecosystem is taking shape.The three forces of nature,civics and government have established their corresponding system structures,which dominate the operation of China's charity ecosystem together.Among the three forces,the spontaneous force of nature is the most stable,and is smoothly compatible with the other forces.The organization structure by the civil force is the most unsound and vulnerable,while the governmental force has the most complete and robust structure.This situation can be attributed to the embeddedness of New Public Management(NPM)into Administrative Absorption of Society(AAS)in China.By strengthening the“restriction”strategy of AAS and learn from NPM for better“utilization”strategy,the Chinese government has developed a“multi-layer control”strategy towards the charity ecosystem,while developing AAS both in theory and practice.